Synthesis of 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes: substituent influence and mechanistical aspects
摘要:
Various substituted carboxylic acid 2-chloro- and 2-bromoanilides 1a-j react with triethylphosphite in the presence of anhydrous NiCl2 or NiBr2 to give o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2a-g and 2j. Yields depend strongly on the substituents. 2-Fluoro-4,6-dibromoacetanilide 1g reacts only at 6-position, indicating an o-directed process. Based on substituent effects, we infer a mechanism via Ni(0) intermediates that insert into the carbon-halogen bond. The N-tertiary 2-bromoformanilide 4 does not undergo phosphonylation to 5 in the presence of the Ni-catalyst but reacts in the presence of Pd-catalysts. The subsequent reduction of the N-secondary o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2 with excess LiAlH4 is coupled with an intramolecular cyclisation to the 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes 6 whereas the N-tertiary derivative 5 does not undergo cyclisation upon reduction. NMR data and the crystal structure of 6d are reported. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes: substituent influence and mechanistical aspects
摘要:
Various substituted carboxylic acid 2-chloro- and 2-bromoanilides 1a-j react with triethylphosphite in the presence of anhydrous NiCl2 or NiBr2 to give o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2a-g and 2j. Yields depend strongly on the substituents. 2-Fluoro-4,6-dibromoacetanilide 1g reacts only at 6-position, indicating an o-directed process. Based on substituent effects, we infer a mechanism via Ni(0) intermediates that insert into the carbon-halogen bond. The N-tertiary 2-bromoformanilide 4 does not undergo phosphonylation to 5 in the presence of the Ni-catalyst but reacts in the presence of Pd-catalysts. The subsequent reduction of the N-secondary o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2 with excess LiAlH4 is coupled with an intramolecular cyclisation to the 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes 6 whereas the N-tertiary derivative 5 does not undergo cyclisation upon reduction. NMR data and the crystal structure of 6d are reported. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A visible-light-induced denitrogenative phosphorylation of benzotriazoles is presented, in which diverse substituted aryl phosphonates could be obtained in good to excellent yields. This efficient protocol exhibits good tolerance with various functional groups. Furthermore, the utility of this photochemical protocol is demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction, and a reasonable mechanism is proposed.
Synthesis of 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes: substituent influence and mechanistical aspects
作者:Joachim Heinicke、Nidhi Gupta、Anushka Surana、Normen Peulecke、Brigitte Witt、Kinga Steinhauser、Raj K Bansal、Peter G Jones
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01019-5
日期:2001.12
Various substituted carboxylic acid 2-chloro- and 2-bromoanilides 1a-j react with triethylphosphite in the presence of anhydrous NiCl2 or NiBr2 to give o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2a-g and 2j. Yields depend strongly on the substituents. 2-Fluoro-4,6-dibromoacetanilide 1g reacts only at 6-position, indicating an o-directed process. Based on substituent effects, we infer a mechanism via Ni(0) intermediates that insert into the carbon-halogen bond. The N-tertiary 2-bromoformanilide 4 does not undergo phosphonylation to 5 in the presence of the Ni-catalyst but reacts in the presence of Pd-catalysts. The subsequent reduction of the N-secondary o-acylamido-benzenephosphonic acid esters 2 with excess LiAlH4 is coupled with an intramolecular cyclisation to the 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes 6 whereas the N-tertiary derivative 5 does not undergo cyclisation upon reduction. NMR data and the crystal structure of 6d are reported. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.