Design and Synthesis of N-Maleimido-Functionalized Hydrophilic Polymers via Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization: A Suitable Alternative to PEGylation Chemistry
摘要:
A series of a-functional maleimide polymethacrylates (M-n = 4.1-35.4 kDa, PDi = 1.06-1.27) have been prepared via copper-catalyzed living radical polymerization (LRP). Two independent synthetic protocols have been successfully developed and the polymers obtained in multigram scale, with an 80-100% content of maleimide reactive chain ends, depending on the method employed. A method for the synthesis of amino-terminated polymers, starting from Boc-protected amino initiators, has also been developed, as these derivatives are key intermediates in one of the two processes studied in the present work. The alternative synthetic pathway involves an initiator containing a maleimide unit "protected" as a Diels-Alder adduct. After the polymerization step, the maleimide functionality has been reintroduced by retro-Diels -Alder reaction, by simply refluxing those polymers in toluene for 7 h. These maleimido-terminated materials, poly(methoxyPEG((475))) methacrylates and poly(glycerol) methacrylates, differ for both the nature and size of the polymer side branches and showed an excellent solubility in water, a property that made them an ideal candidate for the synthesis of new polymer- (poly) peptide biomaterials. These functional polymers have been successfully employed in conjugation reactions in the presence of thiol-containing model substrates, namely, reduced glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) and the carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8-7.4) and ambient temperature.
Multifunctional Giant Amphiphiles via simultaneous copper(<scp>i</scp>)-catalyzed azide–alkynecycloaddition and living radical polymerization
作者:Eleftheria Daskalaki、Benjamin Le Droumaguet、David Gérard、Kelly Velonia
DOI:10.1039/c1cc15075h
日期:——
chemically addressable, multifunctional Giant Amphiphiles was synthesized in excellent yields and polydispersity following simultaneous or sequential living radical polymerization and the click, copper(I)-catalysed azide-alkynecycloaddition (CuAAC). This new approach allows chemical tailoring of the biomacromolecules and in situ formation of nanocontainers.
作者:Kelly M. Wiggins、Jay A. Syrett、David M. Haddleton、Christopher W. Bielawski
DOI:10.1021/ja201135y
日期:2011.5.11
were grown from a [4+2] cycloaddition adduct of maleimide with furan containing two polymerization initiators. Subjecting the corresponding PMA (>30 kDa) chains to ultrasound at 0 °C resulted in a retro [4+2] cycloaddition reaction, as observed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and UV-vis spectroscopy, as well as labeling of the liberated maleimide and furan moieties with appropriate chromophores
Spatially Controlled Surface Immobilization of Nonmodified Peptides
作者:Thomas Pauloehrl、Alexander Welle、Michael Bruns、Katharina Linkert、Hans G. Börner、Martin Bastmeyer、Guillaume Delaittre、Christopher Barner-Kowollik
DOI:10.1002/anie.201302040
日期:2013.9.9
A phencyclone derivative is used to achieve light‐controlledimmobilization of peptides possessing only natural amino acids. The photoactive precursor (blue in picture) is formed in a Diels–Alder reaction and can undergo light‐triggered ring‐opening reactions with amines. Successful surface patterning with a genuine c(RGDfK) peptide (green) is evidenced by imaging time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass
Controlling Reactivity by Geometry in Retro-Diels–Alder Reactions under Tension
作者:Richard Stevenson、Guillaume De Bo
DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b08895
日期:2017.11.22
chemical reactions. In polymer mechanochemistry, the force is transduced in a directional fashion, and the efficiency of activation depends on how well the force is transduced from the polymer to the scissile bond in the mechanophore (i.e., mechanochemical coupling). We have investigated the effects of regio- and stereochemistry on the rate of force-accelerated retro-Diels–Alder reactions of furan/maleimide
机械力具有扭曲,弯曲和拉伸化学键的能力,在激活化学反应的方式上是独特的。在聚合物力学化学中,力是以定向方式传递的,活化的效率取决于力从聚合物传递到力学基团中的易断裂键的传递程度(即,机械化学偶联)。我们研究了区域化学和立体化学对呋喃/马来酰亚胺加合物强制加速逆Diels-Alder反应速率的影响。呈现内或外构型以及近端或远端几何形状的四个加合物在溶液中被超声产生的伸长力激活。组合结构(11 H NMR)和计算分析(CoGEF)使我们能够研究这些加合物的机械化学活化。我们发现,与其反应性由立体化学决定的热对应物不同,机械反应性主要取决于区域化学。值得注意的是,由于不良的机械化学偶联作用,热活性远侧-外加合物在张力下变得惰性。
Exploiting λ‐Orthogonal Photoligation for Layered Surface Patterning
作者:Paul Lederhose、Doris Abt、Alexander Welle、Rouven Müller、Christopher Barner‐Kowollik、James P. Blinco
DOI:10.1002/chem.201705393
日期:2018.1.12
We exploit λ‐orthogonal photoligation of nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition (NITEC) chemistry to generate complex, interconnected surface modificationsvia a simple layered surface patterning approach. By judicious choice of activating chromophores, we introduce a one pot reaction where nitrile imine formation can be triggered independently of other tetrazoles present. When irradiated