Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 3. New Routes to Heterocyclic Compounds via <i>o</i>-Iodoxybenzoic Acid-Mediated Cyclizations: Generality, Scope, and Mechanism
作者:K. C. Nicolaou、P. S. Baran、Y.-L. Zhong、S. Barluenga、K. W. Hunt、R. Kranich、J. A. Vega
DOI:10.1021/ja012126h
日期:2002.3.1
The discovery and development of the o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) reaction with certain unsaturated N-aryl amides (anilides) to form heterocycles are described. The application of the method to the synthesis of delta-lactams, cyclic urethanes, hydroxy amines, and amino sugars among other important building blocks and intermediates is detailed. In addition to the generality and scope of this cyclization
important amidyl radicals from N−H amides is an appealing and yet challenging task. Previous methods require a stoichiometric amount of a strong oxidant and/or a costly noble‐metal catalyst. We report herein the first electrocatalytic method that employs ferrocene (Fc), a cheap organometallic reagent, as the redox catalyst to produce amidyl radicals from N‐aryl amides. Based on this radical‐generating
of nitrogen‐centered radicals, generated through electrochemical oxidation, to alkenes followed by trapping of the cyclized radical intermediate with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO). Difunctionalization of a variety of alkenes with easily available carbamates/amides and TEMPO affords aminooxygenation products in high yields and with excellent trans selectivity for cyclic systems
The unusual behavior of hypervalent iodine reagents, Dess - Martin periodinane and IBX, with an array of anilides leads to the formation of complex heterocycles in only one synthetic operation (see scheme). Furthermore, the substrates for these transformations are available in one step from readily available commercial building blocks. The mechanism by which these periodinanes interact with anilides