3,3'-二辛基-2,2'-联噻吩 | 138058-53-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 双噻吩和低聚噻吩
• 中文名称: 3,3'-二辛基-2,2'-联噻吩
• 英文名称: 3,3'-dioctyl-2,2'-bithiophene
• 英文别名: 2,2'-Bithiophene, 3,3'-dioctyl-；3-octyl-2-(3-octylthiophen-2-yl)thiophene
• CAS: 138058-53-4
• 化学式: C₂₄H₃₈S₂
• 分子量: 390.698
• InChiKey: NUKWQYRYPHRJSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  490.9±45.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  0.983±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  11.1
• 重原子数：
  26
• 可旋转键数：
  15
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  56.5
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  3,3'-二辛基-2,2'-联噻吩 在 硫酸 、 硝酸 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 生成 5-nitro-2-(5-nitro-3-octylthiophen-2-yl)-3-octylthiophene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Selective Functionalization of 2,2'-Bithiophenes

  摘要：

  The selective functionalization of the 2,2'-bithiophene molecule is described. Selective alkyl substitution at the 3,3' positions was achieved by sequential bromination of the 3,3' and 5,5' positions followed by debromination at the 5,5' positions. The resultant 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene was transformed via a Grignard reaction to give a series of 3,3'-dialkyl-2,2'-bithiopenes. Finally nitration of the active 5,5' positions gave the corresponding 3,3'-dialkyl-5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-bithiophenes.

  DOI：

  10.3987/com-91-5812
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  3,3',5,5'-四溴-2,2'-联噻吩 在 [1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷]二氯化钯(II) 、 碘 、 magnesium 、 溶剂黄146 、 锌 作用下， 以 丙醇 、 水 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 生成 3,3'-二辛基-2,2'-联噻吩
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Selective Functionalization of 2,2'-Bithiophenes

  摘要：

  The selective functionalization of the 2,2'-bithiophene molecule is described. Selective alkyl substitution at the 3,3' positions was achieved by sequential bromination of the 3,3' and 5,5' positions followed by debromination at the 5,5' positions. The resultant 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene was transformed via a Grignard reaction to give a series of 3,3'-dialkyl-2,2'-bithiopenes. Finally nitration of the active 5,5' positions gave the corresponding 3,3'-dialkyl-5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-bithiophenes.

  DOI：

  10.3987/com-91-5812

文献信息

• Convenient synthesis of organic-electronics-oriented building blocks via on-water and under-air homocoupling of (hetero)aryl iodides
  作者：Yi-An Chen、Ching-Yuan Liu

  DOI：10.1039/c5ra13517f

  日期：——

  operationally simple homocoupling reaction that targets the convenient synthesis of organic-electronically important building blocks. A variety of synthetically useful bithiophene derivatives and functionalized biphenyls are efficiently prepared by an on-water and under-air protocol using Pd/C as catalyst. We find that Pd/C gives generally higher and cleaner homocoupling conversions than using Pd(OAc)2 in the

  我们在此报告了一种操作简单的均偶联反应，其目标是方便合成有机电子重要的结构单元。各种合成上有用的联噻吩衍生物和官能化联苯可通过水上和空气中协议使用Pd / C作为催化剂有效地制备。我们发现，在（杂）芳基碘化物的情况下，由于Pd（OAc）2的存在，与使用Pd（OAc）2相比，Pd / C的同质耦合转化率更高且更清洁。引发更多的副反应，包括脱卤和低聚。在最佳条件下，对酯，酮，醛，腈，硝基，氯和溴等官能团的耐受性良好。我们希望本方法学将为绿色化学与基于噻吩的有机材料的桥接做出宝贵的合成贡献。
• Hypervalent iodine(III): selective and efficient single-electron-transfer (SET) oxidizing agent
  作者：Toshifumi Dohi、Motoki Ito、Nobutaka Yamaoka、Koji Morimoto、Hiromichi Fujioka、Yasuyuki Kita

  DOI：10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.040

  日期：2009.12

  ethers, affording the corresponding aromatic cation radicals. Since then, hypervalent iodine(III) has been utilized as a selective and efficient SET oxidizing agent that enables a variety of direct C–H functionalizations of aromatic rings in electron-rich arenes under mild conditions. We have now extended the original method to work in a series of heteroaromatic compounds such as thiophenes, pyrroles,

  1994年，我们首先确定了苯基碘（III）双（三氟乙酸盐）（PIFA）对苯基醚的单电子转移（SET）氧化能力，提供了相应的芳族阳离子自由基。从那时起，高价碘（III）已被用作一种选择性和高效的SET氧化剂，可在温和条件下在富电子芳烃中实现芳环的各种直接C–H官能化。现在，我们已经将原始方法扩展为可用于一系列杂芳族化合物，例如噻吩，吡咯和吲哚。本文总结了自本世纪初以来的调查和结果。
• A novel and direct synthesis of alkylated 2,2′-bithiophene derivatives using a combination of hypervalent iodine(<scp>iii</scp>) reagent and BF₃<b>·</b>Et₂O
  作者：Hirofumi Tohma、Minako Iwata、Tomohiro Maegawa、Yorito Kiyono、Akinobu Maruyama、Yasuyuki Kita

  DOI：10.1039/b302462h

  日期：——

  A novel nonmetallic oxidative coupling of alkylthiophene derivatives leading to the corresponding 2,2′-bithiophene derivatives using a combination of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), and BF3·Et2O was developed.

  开发了一种新型非金属氧化耦合反应，可以将烷基噻吩衍生物转化为相应的2,2'-双噻吩衍生物，该反应使用了高价碘(III)试剂苯碘双(trifluoroacetate)（PIFA）和BF3·Et2O的组合。
• The synthesis of head-to-tail (H–T) dimers of 3-substituted thiophenes by the hypervalent iodine(iii)-induced oxidative biaryl coupling reaction
  作者：Toshifumi Dohi、Koji Morimoto、Yorito Kiyono、Akinobu Maruyama、Hirofumi Tohma、Yasuyuki Kita

  DOI：10.1039/b503058g

  日期：——

  The head-to-tail (H-T) dimers could be obtained selectively by the oxidative coupling reaction of 3-substituted thiophenes using a combination of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.

  通过使用高价碘（III）试剂和三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸盐的组合，通过3-取代的噻吩的氧化偶联反应，可以选择性地获得头对尾（HT）二聚体。
• Series of Quinoidal Methyl-Dioxocyano-Pyridine Based π-Extended Narrow-Bandgap Oligomers for Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells
  作者：Ailing Tang、Chuanlang Zhan、Jiannian Yao

  DOI：10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01350

  日期：2015.7.14

  Small molecules with narrow bandgap of <1.6 eV can harvest the visible and near-infrared solar photons. In this Article, we report a new method to achieve narrow bandgap small molecule donors by using electron-deficient quinoidal methyl-dioxocyano-pyridine (MDP) to induce possible quinoidal resonance structure along the conjugated A−π–D−π–A backbone. Practically, two MDP moieties are covalently linked onto an electron-rich benzodithiophene (BDT) through the oligothiophene (0T–5T) π-bridge. The affording small molecules, namely, nTBM, exhibit broad and strong absorption bands covering the visible and near-infrared region from 400 to 870 nm. The estimated optical bandgap is down to 1.4 eV. The narrow bandgap is associated with the low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (about −3.7 eV) and the high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (around −5.1 eV). Density-functional theory calculations reveal that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, with the increase of the size of the oligothiophene bridge, become localizations in different moieties, i.e., the central electron-donating and the terminal electron-withdrawing units, respectively, which provides necessary driving force for the delocalization of the excited electrons and formation of the quinoidal resonance structure. The quinoidal structure enhances the photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer, leading to the absorbance enhancement of the low-energy absorption band. With the increase of the size of the oligothiophene from 0 to 5 thienyl units and the change of the direction of the alkyl chains on the bridged thiophene from “outward” to “inward”, the crystalline nature, fibril length, and phase size of the blend films as well as the cell performance are all fine-tuned, also. With the “inward” alkyl chains, the terthiophene bridged molecule is amorphous, while the pentathiophene bridged one is relatively crystalline. Both molecules form nanoscale interpenetrating networks with a phase size of 15–20 nm when blended with PC71BM, showing the higher hole mobility and promising electric performance.

  窄带隙<1.6 eV的小分子可以收获可见光和近红外太阳光子。在本文中，我们报告了一种获得窄带隙小分子供体的新方法，通过使用缺电子的醌型甲基二氧氰基吡啶（MDP）沿着共轭的A−π–D−π–A主链诱导可能的醌型共振结构。实际上，两个 MDP 部分通过低聚噻吩 (0T–5T) π 桥共价连接到富电子苯并二噻吩 (BDT) 上。这种小分子，即 nTBM，具有覆盖 400 至 870 nm 可见光和近红外区域的宽而强的吸收带。估计光学带隙低至 1.4 eV。窄带隙与低位最低未占分子轨道（LUMO）能级（约-3.7 eV）和高位最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）能级（约-5.1 eV）相关。密度泛函理论计算表明，随着低聚噻吩桥尺寸的增加，HOMO和LUMO能级分别定位在不同的部分，即中心给电子单元和末端吸电子单元，这提供了激发电子离域和形成醌型共振结构的必要驱动力。醌型结构增强了光诱导分子内电荷转移，导致低能吸收带的吸光度增强。随着低聚噻吩尺寸从0个增加到5个噻吩基单元以及桥联噻吩上烷基链方向从“向外”到“向内”的变化，低聚噻吩的结晶性质、原纤长度和相尺寸都发生了变化。混合薄膜以及电池性能也都经过微调。由于烷基链“向内”，三噻吩桥联分子是无定形的，而五噻吩桥联分子则相对结晶。当与 PC71BM 混合时，两种分子形成相尺寸为 15-20 nm 的纳米级互穿网络，表现出更高的空穴迁移率和良好的电性能。