申请人:Sigman Matthew S.
公开号:US20090069580A1
公开(公告)日:2009-03-12
A reductive cross coupling reaction process for functionalization of a nucleophilic alkene can be achieved. The nucleophilic alkene and a nucleophilic cross coupling partner compound can be reacted in the presence of an oxidizable alcohol and a suitable catalyst to form a reductive coupling product. Various additives can also be useful to refine the process such as by mitigating certain undesirable intermediates, facilitating specific site selectivity for various substitutions or reaction sites, etc. Chiral additives can be optionally used which act to provide asymmetric catalysis, e.g. allow for regioselective and stereoselective production of reductive coupling products. A reductive cross coupling pathway can include oxidizing the oxidizable alcohol to form a catalyst hydride. The nucleophilic alkene can be inserted into the catalyst hydride to form a catalyst-alkyl intermediate. Further, the catalyst-alkyl intermediate can be transmetallized with the nucleophilic cross coupling partner compound to form a transmetallated intermediate. The catalyst can be reductively eliminated to form the reductive coupling product and a reduced catalyst. Finally, the reduced catalyst can be oxidized under aerobic conditions, for example with oxygen, to form the oxidized catalyst and subsequent repetition through the cyclic pathway.
可以实现对亲核烯烃进行官能化的还原型交叉偶联反应过程。在可氧化醇和适当的催化剂存在下,亲核烯烃和亲核交叉偶联配体化合物可以发生反应,形成还原型偶联产物。各种添加剂也可用于优化该过程,例如通过减轻某些不良中间体,促进特定位点的选择性取代或反应位点等。还可以选择性地使用手性添加剂,用于提供不对称催化作用,例如实现还原型偶联产物的区域选择性和立体选择性生产。还原型交叉偶联途径可以包括将可氧化醇氧化以形成催化剂氢化物。亲核烯烃可以插入催化剂氢化物中,形成催化剂烷基中间体。此外,催化剂烷基中间体可以与亲核交叉偶联配体化合物发生转金属化反应,形成一个转金属化中间体。催化剂可以发生还原消除反应,形成还原偶联产物和还原催化剂。最后,还原催化剂可以在氧气等气氛条件下氧化,形成氧化催化剂,并通过循环途径进行后续重复。