申请人:Merck & Co., Inc.
公开号:US04443435A1
公开(公告)日:1984-04-17
Novel, transient prodrug forms of biologically active agents containing mercapto groups have (i) the structural formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O, S, or NR.sup.5 ; R.sup.1 S is the residue of any biologically active agent R.sup.1 SH; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of straight or branched chain alkyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; aryl having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; alkenyl having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkenyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms; alkynyl having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; aralkyl, alkaryl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, alkenylaryl, alkynylaryl, loweralkanoyloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, and lower alkanoyloxyalkyl wherein alkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl are as defined above; saturated or unsaturated monoheterocyclic or polyheterocyclic, or fused heterocyclic, either directly bonded to the carbonyl function or linked thereto via an alkylene bridge, containing from 1 to 3 of any one or more of the heteroatoms N, S or O in each heterocyclic ring thereof and each such ring being from 3- to 8- membered; and mono- or polysubstituted derivatives of the above, each of said substituents being selected from the group consisting of lower akyl, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower acyloxy, halo, haloloweralkyl, cyano, carbethoxy, loweralkylthio, amino, nitro, loweralkylamino, diloweralkylamino, carboxyl, carbamyl, loweralkylcarbamyl, diloweralkylcarbamyl and ##STR2## wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbons; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, R.sup.2, lower acyl, cyano, haloloweralkyl, carbamyl, loweralkylcarbamyl, diloweralkylcarbamyl, --CH.sub.2 ONO.sub.2 and --CH.sub.2 OCOR.sup.2 ; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and further wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be taken together to form a cyclizing moiety selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## with the proviso that when R.sup.1 S is the residue of a sulfur containing amino acid, then X cannot be NR.sup.5 ; (ii) the structural formula (I) wherein ##STR4## is the residue of any naturally occurring protein amino acid, the residue of any N-substituted naturally occurring amino acid, which N-substituent is lower alkyl or any amino acid protective group cleavable via hydrogenolysis or hydrolysis, or the residue of an N,N-lower dialkyl of C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 cycloalkylamino acid; and (iii) the non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
含有巯基的生物活性剂的新颖、瞬时的前药形式具有以下结构式(I):其中X为O、S或NR.sup.5;R.sup.1 S为任何生物活性剂R.sup.1 SH的残基;R.sup.2选自以下组:由1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;由6至10个碳原子的芳基;由3至8个碳原子的环烷基;由2至20个碳原子的烯基;由4至8个碳原子的环烯基;由2至20个碳原子的炔基;芳基烷基、烷基芳基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基、烯基芳基、炔基芳基、较低烷酰氧基烷基、羧基烷基和较低烷酰氧基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烯基和炔基的定义如上所述;饱和或不饱和的单杂环或多杂环,或融合的杂环,直接与羰基功能键合或通过烷基桥链连接,其中每个杂环环中含有1至3个N、S或O中的任意一个或多个杂原子,并且每个环均为3-至8-成员的;以及上述化合物的单取代或多取代衍生物,所述取代基选自以下组:较低烷基、较低烷氧基、较低酰基、较低酰氧基、卤素、卤代较低烷基、氰基、羰基乙氧基、较低烷基硫基、氨基、硝基、较低烷基氨基、二较低烷基氨基、羧基、氨甲酰基、较低烷基氨甲酰基、二较低烷基氨甲酰基和结构式(II):其中R.sup.4为氢或由1至10个碳原子的烷基;R.sup.3为氢、R.sup.2、较低酰基、氰基、卤代较低烷基、氨甲酰基、较低烷基氨甲酰基、二较低烷基氨甲酰基、--CH.sub.2 ONO.sub.2和--CH.sub.2 OCOR.sup.2;R.sup.5为氢或较低烷基;此外,R.sup.2和R.sup.3可以结合形成以下组中选取的环化基团:满足条件当R.sup.1 S为含硫氨基酸的残基时,X不能为NR.sup.5;(ii)具有以下结构式(I):其中##STR4##为任何自然存在的蛋白氨基酸的残基,任何N-取代的自然存在的氨基酸的残基,其N-取代基为较低烷基或任何可通过氢解或水解裂解的氨基酸保护基,或C.sub.4-C.sub.7环烷氨基酸的N,N-较低二烷基的残基;(iii)其非毒性、药用可接受的盐。