Work History and U.S. Elders' Transitions into Poverty
作者:Diane K. McLaughlin、Leif Jensen
DOI:10.1093/geront/40.4.469
日期:2000.8.1
Poverty risks among elders are shaped in critical ways by their work history, demographic characteristics, current marital status, and residential context. Using 25 years of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we combined past occupation and work history of elders and their spouses with information on current marital status and residence to estimate discrete time event history models of first transitions into poverty after reaching age 55. Education, work history, and preretirement wages contributed to men's and some women's probability of becoming poor. Work history remained an important predictor of transitions into poverty, even after controlling for preretirement wages and human capital. Metropolitan residence was associated with a lower probability of making transitions into poverty. This residential difference was not appreciably attenuated in three of four elderly subgroups after measures of work history, preretirement wages, current life events, and demographic characteristics of the elders were included in the models.
老年人的贫困风险在很大程度上取决于他们的工作经历、人口特征、当前婚姻状况和居住环境。我们利用《收入动态面板研究》(Panel Study of Income Dynamics)25 年的数据,将老年人及其配偶过去的职业和工作经历与当前的婚姻状况和居住地信息结合起来,对年满 55 岁后首次陷入贫困的离散时间事件史模型进行了估计。教育、工作经历和退休前工资对男性和部分女性成为贫困人口的概率有影响。即使在控制了退休前工资和人力资本之后,工作经历仍然是预测贫困过渡的重要因素。居住在大都市的人陷入贫困的概率较低。在将工作经历、退休前工资、当前生活事件和老年人的人口特征纳入模型后,在四个老年人分组中的三个分组中,这种居住地差异并没有明显减弱。
Fischer; Klarer, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1926, vol. 450, p. 188,199