Kinetics of the Self-Assembly of α-Cyclodextrin [2]Pseudorotaxanes with 1,12-Bis(4-(α-alkyl-α-methylmethanol)pyridinium)dodecane Dications in Aqueous Solution
作者:A. Catherine Smith、Donal H. Macartney
DOI:10.1021/jo9808775
日期:1998.12.1
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the self-assembly of a series of [2]pseudorotaxanes comprised of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and racemic 1,12-bis(4-(alpha-alkyl-alpha-methylmethanol)pyridinium)dodecane dications (L(CH2)(12)L2+) in aqueous;solutions have been investigated using H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The mechanism of assembly involves inclusion of the alpha-methyl-alpha-alkylmethanol substituent groups (-C(CH3)(OH)R, where R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, allyl, and 4-butenyl) by alpha-CD, followed by a rate-determining passage of the cyclodextrin over the pyridinium group onto the dodecamethylene chain. Dicationic threads containing end groups with R = Ph or i-Pr or where L = 4-(alpha,alpha-diethylmethanol)pyridinium did not form alpha-cyclodextrin pseudorotaxanes, even after prolonged heating. The trends in the rate and activation parameters may be related to the size, shape, and hydrophobicity of the alkyl substituents and are compared with several other systems from the literature. An increase in the length and hydrophobicity of the alkyl group increases the strength of end group inclusion and decreases the rate of threading. In addition, the presence of unsaturation in the alkyl substituent (allyl vs propyl and 4-butenyl vs butyl) results in an increase in the threading rate constant.