3-(1-Methylbutyl)phenyl N-methylcarbamate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing. (A15321)
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
文献信息
Insektizide Mittel, enthaltend Carbamate als Wirkstoffe und Triazolderivate als Synergisten
申请人：BASF Aktiengesellschaft
公开号：EP0007589A1
公开（公告）日：1980-02-06
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insektizide Mittel, die insektizide Wirkstoffe aus der Gruppe der Carbamate, Phosphor(phosphonl-(di) (thio)-säureester, Pyrethrine, Pyrethroide, α-alkyl -phenyl-essigsäureester, α-Cyctopropyl-phenyl-essigsäureester und der chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe und zur Steigerung der insektiziden Wirksamkeit dieser Wirkstoffe Triazolderivate oder deren Salze enthalten.
Die Triazolderivate haben die Formel in der
R gegebenenfalls durch Halogen substituiertes Phenyl oder den Rest
bedeutet, wobei
Y für Wasserstoff, Halogen, Alkylmercapto mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder alkenylmercapto mit 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, oder einen gegebenenfalls durch Halogen substituieren Phenylmercaptorest,
X für Halogen und
n fur 0, 1 oder 2 stehen, mit der Maßgabe, daß n nicht o bedeutet, wenn Y für Halogen steht.
本发明涉及含有氨基甲酸酯类、磷（膦-（二）（硫）-酸酯类、除虫菊酯类、拟除虫菊酯类、α-烷基-苯基乙酸酯类、α-辛丙基-苯基乙酸酯类和氯化碳氢化合物类杀虫活性成分的杀虫组合物，以及用于提高这些活性成分杀虫效力的三唑衍生物或其盐类。
三唑衍生物的化学式为
R 是任选被卤素或自由基取代的苯基
其中
Y 是氢、卤素、具有 1 至 6 个碳原子的烷基巯基或具有 2 至 6 个碳原子的烯基巯基，或任选被卤素取代的苯基巯基、
X 是卤素，且
n 为 0、1 或 2，但当 Y 为卤素时，n 不为 o。
Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Löslichkeit biologisch aktiver Wirkstoffe in Wasser und niederen aliphatischen Alkoholen sowie neue Verbindungen mit verbesserter Löslichkeit
申请人：BAYER AG
公开号：EP0017772A1
公开（公告）日：1980-10-29
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Löslichkeit biologisch aktiver Wirkstoffe mit mindestens einem Zerewitinoff-aktiven Wasserstoffatom in Wasser und niederen aliphatischen Alkoholen, neue nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Verbindungen und ihre Verwendung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man Wirkstoffe, OH, NH, NH2-monofunktionelle Polyether mit einem Wasseraufnahmevermögen von 10% und Verbindungen mit 2 gegenüber Zerewitinoff-aktiven Wasserstoffatomen reaktiven Gruppen miteinander umsetzt.
Die Erfindung betrifft ektoparasitizidhaltige Halsbänder für Haustiere aus Polyurethanen, die aus einem hydrophoben in Wasser nicht quellbaren Polyurethan bestehen, das, bezogen auf das Polyurethan, 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 Gew.-% eines Ektoparasitizids oder einer Ektoparasitizidkombination und, bezogen auf das Polyurethan, 5 - 35 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 8 - 25 Gew.-%, eines Spreitsmittels enthält.
A new insecticidal composition, processes for its production and its use
申请人：A. Nattermann & Cie. GmbH
公开号：EP0068297A1
公开（公告）日：1983-01-05
The invention relates to new insecticidal compositions consisting of one or more insecticidally active substances and one or more certain phospholipides in addition to standard vehicles, diluents, solvents and/or other inert auxiliaries, the ratio by weight of the mixture of insecticidally active substances to the phospholipide or mixture of phospholipides amounting to between 1 : 0.2 and 1:20. The invention also relates to processes for controlling insects using these compositions and to processes for their production.
An animal collar is provided comprising an elongate flexible strap (2) preferably of plastics material which may contain an ectoparasiticide. At one end of the strap fastening means (4) are provided having a passageway (10) with spaced apart opposing walls (12, 14) extending parallel to the strap through which the other end of the strap may be passed to form a loop. The passageway is provided with a hole (16) in its wall in which one of a number of projections (8) on the strap may be located to secure the loop. The strap is further provided with an extendable portion (70) which by means of frangible elements holding the ends of the slits in the strap together enables the strap to be lengthened increasing the loop size but maintaining an integral loop when a predetermined choking tension is applied to the loop breaking some of the frangible elements.
