在苯甲酰基苯乙炔存在下,在无催化剂和无溶剂的条件下(50-55°C),吡啶与H-次膦酸酯进行简单的SNH Ar次膦酰化,得到 4-次膦酰吡啶,产率高达 68%。在此反应中,苯甲酰基苯乙炔通过形成 1,3(4)-偶极络合物来激活吡啶环,使H-次膦酸盐去质子化以生成 P 中心阴离子,最后充当氧化剂,从中间离子对中消除。末端缺电子乙炔(丙炔酸甲酯和苯甲酰乙炔)作为上述 S N H Ar 过程中的介体是低效的。
A composite membrane and method for making the same, comprising a porous support and a polyamide surface. The subject membrane provides improved flux and/or rejection rates. The subject membrane is further capable of operating at lower operating pressures. The subject method includes reacting a polyfunctional amine with a polyfunctional acyl halide to form a polyamide. The method includes the step of contacting a complexing agent with the polyfunctional acyl halide prior substantial reaction between the polyfunctional acyl halide and a polyfunctional amine. The subject process is easily adapted to commercial scale manufacturing processes and is particularly suited for making nanofiltration and reverse osmosis composite membranes.