Synthesis of α-Ketoester- and α-Hydroxyester-Substituted Isoindazoles via the Thermodynamic Coarctate Cyclization of Ester-Terminated Azo-Ene-Yne Systems
摘要:
The synthesis of isoindazoles bearing alpha-ketoester and alpha-hydroxyester groups via the coarctate cyclization of ester-terminated azo-ene-yne precursors is described. Whereas previous studies on isoindazole formation have shown the reaction to proceed through a kinetic coarctate pathway, functionalization of the terminal acetylene with a methyl ester sufficiently stabilizes the carbene intermediate to make the coarctate cyclization the thermodynamic pathway. Density functional theory (DFT) computations reveal ca. 8-9 kcal mol(-1) lower energy transition states for the coarctate pathway compared to the parent system.
Synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted cinnolines by the Pd-catalyzed annulation of 2-iodophenyltriazenes with an internal alkyne
作者:Chuan Zhu、Motoki Yamane
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.079
日期:2011.7
A simple and efficient synthesis of cinnolines was achieved by a palladium-catalyzed annulation methodology. 3,4-Disubstituted cinnolines are prepared via palladium-catalyzed annulation of 2-iodophenyltriazenes with an internal alkyne in moderate to good yields. Several internal alkynes are applicable to this reaction and it is compatible with a number of functional groups. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.