Novel functional diamine, 6-hexyloxy-naphthalen-3′,5′-diaminobenzoate (N6) containing a rigid naphthalene unit, was molecularly designed and successfully synthesized. PIs (polyimides) were obtained by copolymerization of N6, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-methylenediamine (DMMDA) and 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA). The structures of the intermediates, diamines and PIs were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. All PIs obtained could be dissolved in polar aprotic solvents and low-boiling-point solvents. PI (polyimide) films attained using a casting method showed favorably high transmittance above 95% in the wave length range of 400–700 nm and could align LCs vertically before and after rubbing treatment. PI–N6 derived from N6, DMMDA and ODPA exhibited a much higher temperature at a 5% weight loss (T5) compared with the corresponding PI–C6 from 4-hexyloxy-biphenyl-3′,5′-diaminobenzoate (C6). For PI–N6, the weight ratio of the side chains was smaller than that of PI–C6, but a much higher T5 was attained. The results demonstrated that the introduction of a naphthalene unit into the side chain could effectively improve the thermal stability of PI without sacrificing its solubility. Moreover, the outstanding thermal stability of the PIs was explained in a preliminary manner by the imidization reaction mechanism.
通过分子设计成功合成了含有刚性
萘单元的新型功能二胺--6-己氧基
萘-3′,5′-二
氨基
苯甲酸酯(N6)。通过 N6、3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-亚甲基二胺(
DMMDA)和 4,4′-氧代双
邻苯二甲酸酐(
ODPA)的共聚得到了
PI(聚
酰亚胺)。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱和 1H NMR 光谱确认了中间体、二胺和
PI 的结构。获得的所有
PI 都能溶解在极性钝化溶剂和低沸点溶剂中。采用浇铸法获得的
PI(聚
酰亚胺)薄膜在 400-700 纳米波长范围内具有 95% 以上的高透光率,并能在摩擦处理前后使 LC 垂直排列。与由 4-己氧基
联苯-3′,5′-二
氨基
苯甲酸酯(C6)制备的相应
PI-C6 相比,由 N6、
DMMDA 和
ODPA 制备的
PI-N6 在重量损失 5%(T5)时显示出更高的温度。对于
PI-N6,侧链的重量比比
PI-C6 小,但 T5 却高得多。结果表明,在侧链中引入
萘单元可有效提高
PI 的热稳定性,而不会牺牲其溶解性。此外,
亚胺化反应机理也初步解释了
PIs 出色的热稳定性。