Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-additions of electron-deficient heteroaryl groups to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were established. The reaction resulted in very low yields due to competitive C-B bond cleavage when arylboronic acids, their pinacol esters, or potassium trifluoroborates were used. However, the corresponding lithium heteroaryl(triol)borates afforded 1,4-adducts with high enantioselectivities up to 97% in the presence of a rhodium(I) catalyst chelated with a chiral BINAP or BIPAM ligand.
铑催化的电子缺乏杂环芳基对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的非对称1,4-加成反应已被建立。当使用芳基
硼酸、其匹那可酯或三
氟硼酸钾时,反应的产率非常低,原因是竞争性的C-B键断裂。然而,对应的
锂杂环芳基(醇)
硼酸盐在
铑(I)催化剂与手性BINAP或BIP
AM配体形成的配位状态下,能够提供高达97%的优异对映选择性1,4-加成产物。