9-(2-methylbenzylidene)-9H-fluorene | 67535-55-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 芴
• 英文名称: 9-(2-methylbenzylidene)-9H-fluorene
• 英文别名: 9-(2-methyl-benzylidene)-fluorene；9-(2-Methyl-benzyliden)-fluoren；9-[(2-methylphenyl)methylene]-9H-fluorene；9-fluoren；9-(2-Methylbenzylidene)-fluorene；9-[(2-methylphenyl)methylidene]fluorene
• CAS: 67535-55-1
• 化学式: C₂₁H₁₆
• 分子量: 268.358
• InChiKey: LLZWRXUCJONHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  145-146 °C(Solv: chloroform (67-66-3))
• 沸点：
  403.9±30.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.154±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.56
• 重原子数：
  21.0
• 可旋转键数：
  1.0
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.05
• 拓扑面积：
  0.0
• 氢给体数：
  0.0
• 氢受体数：
  0.0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  9-(2-methylbenzylidene)-9H-fluorene 在 palladium on activated charcoal 氢气 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 为溶剂， 20.0 ℃ 、200.0 kPa 条件下， 反应 2.0h， 生成 9-(2-methylbenzyl)-9H-fluorene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  苄芴衍生物的相关旋转：结构，构象和立体动力学

  摘要：

  已经通过可变温度NMR光谱研究了具有键合在9位的取代的苄基的芴衍生物。已经观察到涉及绕芴基-CH 2和芳基-CH 2键旋转受限的立体动力学过程，导致构象异构体和对映体形式，并且通过线形模拟确定了相应的障碍。在令人满意地重现实验障碍的DFT计算的基础上，将这些动态过程解释为归因于相关的旋转路径。还通过单晶X射线衍射确定了两种这样的化合物的结构

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo7026917
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  trimethyl-[9-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]fluoren-9-yl]azanium;bromide 以 氯仿 为溶剂， 生成 9-(2-methylbenzylidene)-9H-fluorene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  The reaction of 2-substituted-9-(-substituted penylmethyl) fluoren-9-yltrimethylammonium ions in chloroform. Alkene formation via a carbocation.

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0040-4039(00)86903-8

文献信息

• Solvolysis of 2-substituted-9-(<i>otrho</i>-substituted phenylmethyl)fluoren-9-yltrimethylammonium ions in various solvents. The effect of steric crowding on alkene formation
  作者：Peter James Smith、Jyotsna Pradhan

  DOI：10.1139/v86-178

  日期：1986.6.1

  The solvolytic reaction of several 9-(ortho-substituted phenylmethyl)fluoren-9-yltrimethylammonium salts has been investigated in several different solvents. Substitution and elimination products were found for the reactions in all the solvents studied, with the exceptions that reaction in both tert-butyl alcohol and chloroform led exclusively to the alkene product. The observed rate constants for alkene formation and the percent alkene were measured and it was found that the di-ortho compounds reacted at a faster rate but produced less alkene than the reaction of the corresponding mono-ortho salts. Hydrogen–deuterium isotope effects were also determined for the various reactions. The results are discussed in terms of the reaction proceeding by way of the E1 mechanism, where steric acceleration promotes the loss of the bulky ammonium leaving group to give the carbocation intermediate.

  本文研究了9-(邻取代苯甲基)芴-9-基三甲基铵盐在不同溶剂中的溶化解离反应。在所研究的所有溶剂中，除了在叔丁醇和氯仿中仅生成烯烃产物外，其他溶剂中均发现了取代和消除产物。测量了烯烃形成的观察速率常数和烯烃的百分比，发现二邻位化合物反应速率较快，但产生的烯烃比相应的单邻位盐少。还确定了各种反应的氢-氘同位素效应。结果讨论了反应通过E1机制进行，其中立体加速促进了庞大铵基团的丢失，从而形成碳正离子中间体。

• Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of 2-iodobiphenyls with alkenyl bromides for the construction of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes
  作者：Ya-Heng Zhao、Jian-Long Wang、Yun-Bing Zhou、Miao-Chang Liu、Hua-Yue Wu

  DOI：10.1039/d1ob01547h

  日期：——

  protocol for the construction of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes through palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of 2-iodobiphenyls with alkenyl bromides has been reported. The reaction proceeds through the C–H activation/oxidative addition/reduction elimination/intramolecular Heck coupling reaction to afford a series of 9-(diorganomethylidene)fluorenes with good yields. Control experiments demonstrate that

  已经报道了通过钯催化的 2-碘联苯与烯基溴的偶联反应构建 9-（二有机亚甲基）芴的原子经济协议。该反应通过C-H活化/氧化加成/还原消除/分子内Heck偶联反应进行，以良好的收率得到一系列9-(二有机亚甲基)芴。对照实验表明，五元钯环作为关键中间体，β-H 消除作为限速步骤。
• Einfache Synthesen von 1,2-Diaryl- und Triarylethenen mit trägergebundenen Fluoridbasen
  作者：D. Hellwinkel、K. Göke、R. Karle

  DOI：10.1055/s-1994-25617

  日期：——

  Facile Syntheses of 1,2-Diaryl- and Triarylethenes with Supported Fluoride Bases Differently substituted arenecarbaldehydes, mainly benzaldehydes, can be very efficiently condensed with a wide variety of methylbenzenes having an electron-withdrawing group in the para-position, as well as with fluorenes, xanthene, cyclopentadienes and indenes by using a standardized KF- or CsF-Al2O3 base system in dimethylformamide.

  使用支持的氟化物碱进行1,2-二芳基和三芳基乙烯的简易合成。在二甲基甲酰胺中，使用标准化的KF或CsF-Al2O3碱体系，能够高效地将不同取代的芳醛，主要是苯甲醛，与多种在对位具有电子吸引基团的甲基苯类化合物，以及荧蒽、黄烷、环戊二烯和茚类化合物缩合。
• New Strategies for an Efficient Removal of the 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) Protecting Group in the Peptide Synthesis
  作者：Antonella Leggio、Angelo Liguori、Anna Napoli、Carlo Siciliano、Giovanni Sindona

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200002)2000:4<573::aid-ejoc573>3.0.co;2-i

  日期：2000.2

  The aluminium trichloride/toluene system is investigated as a novel, unusual and straightforward reagent for the removal of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting group in the solution peptide synthesis. This procedure avoids any undesired side reactions, such as the frequently observed inversion of the amino acid configuration.

  三氯化铝/甲苯系统被研究为一种新颖、不寻常且直接的试剂，用于去除溶液肽合成中的 9-芴基甲氧基羰基 (Fmoc) 保护基团。该程序避免了任何不需要的副反应，例如经常观察到的氨基酸构型反转。
• An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed switchable reaction of 9-(trimethylsilyl)fluorene and aldehydes: chemoselective synthesis of dibenzofulvenes and fluorenyl alcohols
  作者：Yu-Chuan Ma、Jin-Yun Luo、Shi-Chu Zhang、Shu-Hui Lu、Guang-Fen Du、Lin He

  DOI：10.1039/d1ob00065a

  日期：——

  carbene-catalyzed synthesis of dibenzofulvenes and fluorenyl alcohols was developed. In the presence of 10 mol% NHC (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and 4 Å molecular sieves, 9-(trimethylsilyl)fluorene undergoes an olefination reaction with aldehydes to produce dibenzofulvenes in 43–99% yields. However, on reducing the NHC loading to 1 mol% and with the addition of water, 9-(trimethylsilyl)fluorene

  开发了N-杂环卡宾催化的二苯并富勒烯和芴醇的合成。在10摩尔％NHC（1,3-双（2,6-二异丙基苯基）咪唑-2-亚基）和4Å分子筛的存在下，9-（三甲基甲硅烷基）芴与醛进行烯化反应以在43中生成二苯并富烯–99％的收益率。但是，在将NHC含量降至1 mol％并添加水后，9-（三甲基甲硅烷基）芴选择性地与醛进行了亲核加成反应，从而以40-95％的产率获得了芴醇。