Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) damages the immune system and leads to the life-threatening acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite the advances in the field of antiretroviral treatment, HIV remains a major public health challenge.Nucleosides represent a prominent chemotherapeutic class for treating viruses, however their cellular uptake, kinase-mediated activation and catabolism are limiting factors. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of stavudine (d4T) ProTides containing polyfluorinated aryl groups against two strains; HIV-1 (IIIB) and HIV-2 (ROD). ProTide 5d containing a meta-substituted pentafluorosulfanyl (3-SF5) aryl group showed superior antiviral activity over the parent d4T and the nonfluorinated analogue 5a. ProTide 5d has low nano-molar antiviral activity; (IC50=30 nM, HIV-1) and (IC50=36 nM, HIV-2) which is over tenfold more potent than d4T. Interestingly, ProTide 5d showed a significantly high selectivity indices with SI=1753 (HIV-1) and 1461 (HIV-2) which is more than twice that of the d4T. All ProTides were screened in wild type as well as thymidine kinase deficient (TK-) cells. Enzymatic activation of ProTide 5d using carboxypeptidase Y enzyme and monitored using both P-31 and F-19 NMR is presented.
Hydrogen phosphates: Self initiated organocatalysts for the controlled ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters
作者:Payal Malik、Debashis Chakraborty
DOI:10.1016/j.ica.2013.02.006
日期:2013.5
A series of arylhydrogenphosphates and aryldihydrogenphosphates was synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds were assessed as catalysts towards the ring-opening polymerization and proved to be potent organocatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. The bulk polymerizations were performed in the absence of external initiator. The polymerization proceeds in a controlled fashion which leads to well defined polyesters with narrow molecular weight distributions. In the post polymerization experiments, kinetics, mechanism and monomer concentration effects were investigated. The kinetic results have confirmed the pseudo-living character of the polymerizations and mechanistic studies suggest that the polymerization operates through a cationic mechanism. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
GORYUNOV, E. I.;PETROVSKIJ, P. V.;ZAXAROV, L. S.;KABACHNIK, M. I., IZV. AN CCCP. CEP. XIM.,(1990) N, S. 433-441
作者:GORYUNOV, E. I.、PETROVSKIJ, P. V.、ZAXAROV, L. S.、KABACHNIK, M. I.