Congested C–C Bonds by Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allyl–Allyl Cross-Coupling, a Mechanism-Guided Solution
摘要:
Under the influence of a chiral bidentate diphosphine ligand, the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling of allylboron reagents and allylic electrophiles establishes 1,5-dienes with adjacent stereocenters in high regio- and stereoselectivity. A mechanistic study of the coupling utilizing reaction calorimetry and density functional theory analysis suggests that the reaction operates through an inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination pathway, which is both rate-defining and stereodefining. Coupled with optimized reaction conditions, this mechanistic detail is used to expand the scope of allyl allyl couplings to allow the generation of 1,5-dienes with tertiary centers adjacent to quaternary centers as well as a unique set of cyclic structures.
Congested C–C Bonds by Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allyl–Allyl Cross-Coupling, a Mechanism-Guided Solution
摘要:
Under the influence of a chiral bidentate diphosphine ligand, the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling of allylboron reagents and allylic electrophiles establishes 1,5-dienes with adjacent stereocenters in high regio- and stereoselectivity. A mechanistic study of the coupling utilizing reaction calorimetry and density functional theory analysis suggests that the reaction operates through an inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination pathway, which is both rate-defining and stereodefining. Coupled with optimized reaction conditions, this mechanistic detail is used to expand the scope of allyl allyl couplings to allow the generation of 1,5-dienes with tertiary centers adjacent to quaternary centers as well as a unique set of cyclic structures.
Enantioselective Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers by Branch-Selective Pd-Catalyzed Allyl–Allyl Cross-Coupling
作者:Ping Zhang、Hai Le、Robert E. Kyne、James P. Morken
DOI:10.1021/ja2039248
日期:2011.6.29
The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of racemic tertiary allylic carbonates and allylboronates is described. This reaction generates all-carbonquaternarycenters in a highly regioselective and enantioselective fashion. The outcome of these reactions is consistent with a process that proceeds by way of 3,3'-reductive elimination of bis(η(1)-allyl)palladium intermediates. Strategies for distinguishing the
Process for the preparation of alkenyl cyanoacetates
申请人:SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH
MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V.
公开号:EP0001847A1
公开(公告)日:1979-05-16
Process for the preparation of a cyanoacetate having the following general formula:
wherein each of the symbols R1 and R2 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, by contacting cyanoacetic acid with an alkenyl halide of the general formula:
wherein R' and R2 have the same meaning as defined hereinbefore and Hal represents a halogen atom having an atomic number of at least 17, in the presence of a hydrogen-halide acceptor and a substantially inert organic solvent. The compounds of formula (I) are intermediates having uses in the manufacture of pyrethroid insecticides and other compounds.