Cobalt Complexes with “Click”-Derived Functional Tripodal Ligands: Spin Crossover and Coordination Ambivalence
摘要:
We demonstrate the use of a Cu(I) catalyzed "Click" reaction in the synthesis of novel ligands for spin crossover complexes. The reaction between azides and alkynes was used to synthesize the reported tripodal ligand tris [ (1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TBTA, and the new ligands tris[(1-cyclohexyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TCTA, and tris[(1-n-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TBuTA Reactions of TBTA with Co(ClO4)(2) lead to complexes of the form [Co(TBTA)(CH3CN)(3)](ClO4)(2), 1, and [Co(TBTA)(2)] (ClO4)(2), 2, where complex formation can be controlled by the metal/ligand ratio and the complexes 1 and 2 can be chemically and reversibly switched from one form to another in solution resulting in coordination ambivalence. The benzyl substituents of TBTA in 2 show intramolecular C-H-pi T-stacking that generates a chemical pressure to stabilize the low spin (LS) state at lower temperatures. The structural parameters of 2 are consistent with a Jahn Teller active LS Co(II) (elongation) ion showing four short and two long bonds. 2 shows spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in the solid state and in solution with a high T-0 close to room temperature which is driven by the T-stacking. 1 remains high spin (HS) between 2 and 400 K. Reversible chemical switching is observed between 1 and 2 at room temperature, with an accompanying change in the spin state from HS to LS. The importance of the intramolecular T-stacking in driving the SCO behavior is proven by comparison with two analogous compounds that lack an aromatic substituent and remain HS down to very low temperatures.
Cobalt Complexes with “Click”-Derived Functional Tripodal Ligands: Spin Crossover and Coordination Ambivalence
摘要:
We demonstrate the use of a Cu(I) catalyzed "Click" reaction in the synthesis of novel ligands for spin crossover complexes. The reaction between azides and alkynes was used to synthesize the reported tripodal ligand tris [ (1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TBTA, and the new ligands tris[(1-cyclohexyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TCTA, and tris[(1-n-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine, TBuTA Reactions of TBTA with Co(ClO4)(2) lead to complexes of the form [Co(TBTA)(CH3CN)(3)](ClO4)(2), 1, and [Co(TBTA)(2)] (ClO4)(2), 2, where complex formation can be controlled by the metal/ligand ratio and the complexes 1 and 2 can be chemically and reversibly switched from one form to another in solution resulting in coordination ambivalence. The benzyl substituents of TBTA in 2 show intramolecular C-H-pi T-stacking that generates a chemical pressure to stabilize the low spin (LS) state at lower temperatures. The structural parameters of 2 are consistent with a Jahn Teller active LS Co(II) (elongation) ion showing four short and two long bonds. 2 shows spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in the solid state and in solution with a high T-0 close to room temperature which is driven by the T-stacking. 1 remains high spin (HS) between 2 and 400 K. Reversible chemical switching is observed between 1 and 2 at room temperature, with an accompanying change in the spin state from HS to LS. The importance of the intramolecular T-stacking in driving the SCO behavior is proven by comparison with two analogous compounds that lack an aromatic substituent and remain HS down to very low temperatures.
The application discloses a process for making a polymer having pendant side groups comprising:
(i) polymerising an olefinically unsaturated monomer functionalised with (a) an azide group optionally protected by a protecting group, or (b) an alkyne group optionally protected by a protecting group, by living radical polymerisation, most preferably RAFT, transitional metal mediated living radical polymerisation (TMM-LRP) and/or atom transfer radical polymerisation, to produce a polymer intermediate;
(ii) removing, when present, at least a portion of the total number of protecting groups from the polymer intermediate;
(iii) reacting the polymer intermediate with at least one pendant side group moiety functionalised with (a) an alkyne group or (b) an azide group respectively so that the alkyne and azide groups react to attach the pendant side group to the polymer.
Processes for making supports comprising pendant side groups, and polymers and supports prepared by the method are also disclosed.