Discovery of 2-[(<i>E</i>)-2-(7-Fluoro-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)vinyl]-6-pyrrolidin-1-yl-<i>N</i>-(tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine Hydrochloride as a Highly Selective PDE10A Inhibitor
作者:Yoichi Kadoh、Haruko Miyoshi、Takehiko Matsumura、Yoshihito Tanaka、Mitsuya Hongu、Mayumi Kimura、Kei Takedomi、Kenji Omori、Jun Kotera、Takashi Sasaki、Tamaki Kobayashi、Hiroyuki Taniguchi、Yumi Watanabe、Koki Kojima、Toshiaki Sakamoto、Toshiyuki Himiyama、Eiji Kawanishi
DOI:10.1248/cpb.c17-00783
日期:——
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10A is a dual hydrolase of cAMP and cGMP and highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. Inhibition of PDE10A modulates the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSN) via the regulation of cAMP and cGMP. Signal control of MSN is considered associated with psychotic symptoms. Therefore PDE10A inhibitor is expected as a therapeutic method for psychosis disease such as schizophrenia. Avanafil (1) is a PDE5 inhibitor (treatment for erectile dysfunction) discovered by our company. We paid attention to the homology of PDE10A and PDE5 and took advantage of PDE5 inhibitor library to discover PDE10A inhibitors, and found a series of compounds that exhibit higher potency for PDE10A than PDE5. We transformed the afforded derivatives, which had weak inhibitory activity against PDE10A, and discovered stilbene as a PDE10A inhibitor. Brain penetration of this compound was improved by further conversion of N-containing heterocycles and their substituents. The afforded dimethylaminopyrimidine was effective for rat conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test; however, it did not exhibit good brain penetration. We performed in-depth optimization focusing on substituents of the quinoxaline ring, and produced 3-methyl-7-fluoro quinoxaline. This compound was the most effective in rat CAR test due to its strong PDE10A inhibitory activity and good pharmacokinetics.
磷酸二酯酶(PDE)10A是一种双水解酶,能够水解cAMP和cGMP,并且在纹状体中型棘突神经元中高度表达。抑制PDE10A通过调节cAMP和cGMP调控中型棘突神经元(MSN)的活性。MSN的信号控制被认为与精神症状相关。因此,PDE10A抑制剂被期待作为治疗精神疾病(如精神分裂症)的方法。阿伐那非(1)是我们公司发现的一种PDE5抑制剂(用于治疗勃起功能障碍)。我们关注PDE10A与PDE5的同源性,并利用PDE5抑制剂库发现PDE10A抑制剂,找到了系列对PDE10A表现出比PDE5更高效能的化合物。我们转化了这些对PDE10A抑制活性较弱的衍生物,并发现了白藜芦醇作为PDE10A抑制剂。通过进一步转化含氮杂环及其取代基,改善了该化合物的脑部穿透能力。所得到的二甲氨基嘧啶在大鼠条件回避反应(CAR)测试中显示有效,但脑部穿透性并不好。我们对此进行了深入优化,重点关注喹啉环的取代基,合成了3-甲基-7-氟喹啉。由于其强大的PDE10A抑制活性和良好的药代动力学,该化合物在大鼠CAR测试中是最有效的。