Molecular Spur Gears Comprising Triptycene Rotators and Bibenzimidazole-Based Stators
摘要:
Dynamic gearing of molecular spur gears, the most common type of mechanical gear, is elucidated. Molecular design and conformational analysis show that derivatives of 4,4-bis(triptycen-9-ylethynyl)bibenzimidazole represent suitable constructs to investigate gearing behavior of collateral triptycene (Tp) groups. To test this design, DFT calculations (B97-D/Def2-TZVP) were employed and the results suggest that these molecules undergo geared rotation preferentially to gear slippage. Synthesis of derivatives was carried out, providing a series of molecular spur gears, including the first desymmetrized spur gear molecules, which were subsequently subjected to stereochemical analysis.
New Molecular Devices: In Search of a Molecular Ratchet
摘要:
The triptycene-substituted [3]- and [4]helicenes 1 and 2 were examined as possible molecular versions of mechanical ratchets, where the triptycene serves as the ratchet wheel and the helicenes as pawl and spring. The syntheses of 1 and 2b are described. H-1 NMR was employed to examine rotation around the triptycene/helicene single bond; at 20 degrees C rotation is frozen for both 1 and 2b, but the NMR of 1 revealed a plane of symmetry, indicating that 1 cannot function as a unidirectional ratchet. In contrast, NMR revealed that, like a ratchet, triptycyl[4]helicene 2b lacks the symmetry of 1 and has a barrier to rotation of 24.5 kcal/mol, but spin polarization transfer NMR experiments indicated the triptycene in 2b nonetheless rotates equally in both directions. That outcome is rationalized from the standpoint of thermodynamics.
New Molecular Devices: In Search of a Molecular Ratchet
作者:T. Ross Kelly、José Pérez Sestelo、Imanol Tellitu
DOI:10.1021/jo9723218
日期:1998.5.1
The triptycene-substituted [3]- and [4]helicenes 1 and 2 were examined as possible molecular versions of mechanical ratchets, where the triptycene serves as the ratchet wheel and the helicenes as pawl and spring. The syntheses of 1 and 2b are described. H-1 NMR was employed to examine rotation around the triptycene/helicene single bond; at 20 degrees C rotation is frozen for both 1 and 2b, but the NMR of 1 revealed a plane of symmetry, indicating that 1 cannot function as a unidirectional ratchet. In contrast, NMR revealed that, like a ratchet, triptycyl[4]helicene 2b lacks the symmetry of 1 and has a barrier to rotation of 24.5 kcal/mol, but spin polarization transfer NMR experiments indicated the triptycene in 2b nonetheless rotates equally in both directions. That outcome is rationalized from the standpoint of thermodynamics.
Molecular Spur Gears Comprising Triptycene Rotators and Bibenzimidazole-Based Stators
作者:Derik K. Frantz、Anthony Linden、Kim K. Baldridge、Jay S. Siegel
DOI:10.1021/ja2063346
日期:2012.1.25
Dynamic gearing of molecular spur gears, the most common type of mechanical gear, is elucidated. Molecular design and conformational analysis show that derivatives of 4,4-bis(triptycen-9-ylethynyl)bibenzimidazole represent suitable constructs to investigate gearing behavior of collateral triptycene (Tp) groups. To test this design, DFT calculations (B97-D/Def2-TZVP) were employed and the results suggest that these molecules undergo geared rotation preferentially to gear slippage. Synthesis of derivatives was carried out, providing a series of molecular spur gears, including the first desymmetrized spur gear molecules, which were subsequently subjected to stereochemical analysis.