Synthesis of bridgehead-substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes by radical cyclization
摘要:
A kinetic investigation shows that the rate of cyclization (k(C)) of the (4-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl radical 3 at 25-degrees-C is 4.4 x 10(2) s-1, which is considerably slower than that (2.3 x 10(5) s-1) of the parent 5-hexenyl radical. The energy of activation for the process 3 - 4 is 12.8 kcal mol-1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical values derived from force-field calculations. Ring-closure of appropriately substituted (4-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl radical precursors allows the synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl systems with useful functionality at the bridgehead to be achieved readily and in high yield. An interesting example is given of the application of an iodine-atom-transfer cyclization to the synthesis of a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane functionalized at C7 and C1.
Photochemistry of alkyl halides. 4. 1-Norbornyl, 1-norbornylmethyl, 1- and 2-adamantyl, and 1-octyl bromides and iodides
作者:Paul J. Kropp、Graham S. Poindexter、Norbert J. Pienta、David C. Hamilton
DOI:10.1021/ja00441a043
日期:1976.12
Competing ionic and radical photobehavior has been observed for a number of alkyl halides. The proportion of nucleophilic substitution and reduction products were reported for each halide. Solventeffects of ethylene glycol, triethylamine, and methanol and atmospheric effects of nitrogen, oxygen, and air were studied. The effect of irradiation of the halides with methanol-O-d was reported. The results
3-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
申请人:Acton, III John J.
公开号:US11149036B2
公开(公告)日:2021-10-19
The present invention is directed to pyrazol-4-yl-pyridine compounds which are allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The present invention is also directed to uses of the compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these compositions in the potential prevention or treatment of such diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved.