First‐in‐class pyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine‐2,4(1
H
,3
H
)‐diones against leishmaniasis and tuberculosis: Rationale, in vitro, ex vivo studies and mechanistic insights
摘要:
AbstractPyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones were synthesized, for the first time, from indole chalcones and 6‐aminouracil, and their ability to inhibit leishmaniasis and tuberculosis (Tb) infections was evaluated. The in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani revealed exceptional activities of compounds 3, 12 and 13, with IC50 values ranging from 10.23 ± 1.50 to 15.58 ± 1.67 µg/ml, which is better than the IC50 value of the standard drug pentostam of 500 μg/ml. The selectivity of the compounds towards Leishmania parasites was evaluated via ex vivo studies in Swiss albino mice. The efficiency of these compounds against Tb infection was then evaluated using the in vitro anti‐Tb microplate Alamar Blue assay. Five compounds, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 12, showed MIC100 values against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain at 25 µg/ml, and compound 20 yielded an MIC100 value of 50 µg/ml. Molecular modelling of these compounds highlighted interactions with binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase, pteridine reductase and thymidylate kinase, thus establishing the rationale of their pharmacological activity against both pathogens, which is consistent with the in vitro results. From the above results, it is clear that compounds 3 and 12 are promising lead candidates for Leishmania and Mycobacterium infections and may be promising for coinfections.
Improved synthesis of substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones
作者:Gwydion H. Churchill、Steven A. Raw、Lyn Powell
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.021
日期:2011.7
An improved methodology for the synthesis of substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones from 6-aminouracils and the corresponding enaminone has been developed which provides high yields via an operationally simple process. The method has been extended to encompass a range of electron-rich enaminones, a substrate class that does not perform well under the standard conditions.
已经开发了一种由6-氨基尿嘧啶和相应的烯胺酮合成取代的吡啶并[2,3- d ]嘧啶二酮的改进方法,该方法可通过操作简单的方法提供高收率。该方法已扩展到涵盖一系列富电子烯键酮,这是在标准条件下不能很好发挥作用的底物类型。