AbstractCurcumin has antioxidant properties resulting from its radical scavenging ability and inhibition of inflammation‐associated factors. However, its lack of solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability are impediments to its therapeutic use. As potential alternatives, we synthesized and performed chemical analysis of thirty diarylidene‐N‐methyl‐4‐piperidone (DANMP), diheteroarylidene‐N‐methyl‐4‐piperidone (DHANMP), and spirobibenzopyran (SBP) derivatives, one of which was also characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity via 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and for drug‐like properties in silico. A subset of five compounds was investigated in terms of aqueous solubilities, which were significantly improved compared to that of curcumin. In vitro assessments of cellular and anti‐inflammatory effects were conducted via real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Griess assays to evaluate the presence of inflammatory/activated (M1) markers and production of nitric oxide (NO) species, which are associated with inflammation. The five compounds reduced levels of markers and NO to extents similar to or better than curcumin in inflamed cells, and showed no adverse effects on cell viability. We show that these compounds possess anti‐inflammatory properties and may be used as curcumin‐substitutes with improved characteristics.
摘要
姜黄素具有清除自由基和抑制炎症相关因子的抗氧化特性。然而,其缺乏溶解性、不稳定性和较差的
生物利用度阻碍了它的治疗用途。作为潜在的替代品,我们合成了 30 种二芳基-
N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(
DANMP)、二异芳基-
N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(
DHANMP)和螺苯并
吡喃(SBP)衍
生物并进行了
化学分析,其中一种衍
生物还通过单晶 X 射线衍射进行了表征。通过 2,2
-二苯基-1-苦基
肼(
DPPH)自由基清除试验评估了所有化合物的抗氧化活性,并对其类似药物的性质进行了
硅学研究。对五个化合物的
水溶性进行了研究,与
姜黄素相比,这些化合物的
水溶性得到了显著改善。通过实时聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和格里耶斯测定法对细胞和抗炎效果进行了体外评估,以评估炎症/活化(M1)标志物的存在以及与炎症相关的
一氧化氮(NO)的产生。在炎症细胞中,这五种化合物降低标记物和
一氧化氮水平的程度与
姜黄素相似或优于
姜黄素,而且对细胞活力没有不良影响。我们的研究表明,这些化合物具有抗炎特性,可用作
姜黄素的替代品,并具有更好的特性。