The present invention describes preparation of nanocomposite particles and structures by polymerizing monomers onto a functional inorganic colloid comprising a polymerization initiation site. The polymerization process is preferably a controlled/living polymerization process, including but not limited to, atom transfer radical polymerization and stable free radical polymerization. The nanocomposite particles can self-organize in solution, on surfaces or in films forming nanocomposite structures. Tethered AB block nanocomposite particles bring size control, solubility control and control over micro- and macro-functionality to the particles. The process may be catalyzed by a transition metal complex which participates in a reversible redox cycle with at least one of the group and a compound having a radically transferable atom or group, to form a nanocomposite particle with a tethered polymer chain. The process may be continued to form tethered copolymer chain. The particle may be silicon based including, for example, silica, silicates and polysilsesquioxane. A nanocomposite structure may be formed by casting, depositing or forming the material including nanocomposite particles.
本发明描述了通过将单体聚合到具有聚合引发位点的功能性无机胶体上制备纳米复合颗粒和结构的方法。聚合过程最好是一种受控/活性聚合过程,包括但不限于原子转移自由基聚合和稳定自由基聚合。纳米复合颗粒可以在溶液中自组织,在表面上或在薄膜中形成纳米复合结构。通过牵连AB块纳米复合颗粒,可以将粒子的尺寸控制、溶解度控制和对微观和宏观功能的控制带到颗粒中。该过程可以由过渡
金属配合物催化,该配合物参与与至少一种基团和具有自由基可转移原子或基团的化合物的可逆氧化还原循环,以形成具有牵连聚合物链的纳米复合颗粒。该过程可以继续形成牵连共聚物链。颗粒可以基于
硅,包括例如
二氧化硅、
硅酸盐和聚
硅氧烷。可以通过浇铸、沉积或形成包含纳米复合颗粒的材料来形成纳米复合结构。