Hyperpolarization of 15N‐Pyridinium by Using Parahydrogen Enables Access to Reactive Oxygen Sensors and Pilot In Vivo Studies
摘要:
Magnetic resonance with hyperpolarized contrast agents is one of the most powerful and noninvasive imaging platforms capable for investigating in vivo metabolism. While most of the utilized hyperpolarized agents are based on 13C nuclei, a milestone advance in this area is the emergence of 15N hyperpolarized contrast agents. Currently, the reported 15N hyperpolarized agents mainly utilize the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d‐DNP) protocol. The parahydrogen enhanced 15N probes have proven to be elusive and have been tested almost exclusively in organic solvents. Herein, we designed a reaction based reactive oxygen sensor 15N‐boronobenzyl‐2‐styrylpyridinium (15N‐BBSP) which can be hyperpolarized with para‐hydrogen. Reactive oxygen species plays a vital role as one of the essential intracellular signalling molecules. Disturbance of the H2O2 level usually represents a hallmark of pathophysiological conditions. This H2O2 probe exhibited rapid responsiveness toward H2O2 and offered spectrally resolvable chemical shifts. We also provide strategies to bring the newly developed probe from the organic reaction solution into a biocompatible injection buffer and demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo 15N signal detection. The present work manifests its great potential not only for reaction based reactive sensing probes but also promises to serve as a platform to develop other contrast agents.
Regioselective Hydrohydroxyalkylation of Styrene with Primary Alcohols or Aldehydes via Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−C Bond Forming Transfer Hydrogenation
作者:Hongde Xiao、Gang Wang、Michael J. Krische
DOI:10.1002/anie.201609056
日期:2016.12.23
Transferhydrogenative coupling of styrene with primaryalcohols using the precatalyst HClRu(CO)(PCy3)2 modified by AgOTf or HBF4 delivers branched or linear adducts from benzylic or aliphatic alcohols, respectively. Related 2‐propanol mediated reductive couplings also are described.
Substituent effects on the oxidizing ability of tetraarylbismuthonium tetrafluoroborates in alcohol oxidation are reported. Intermolecular and intramolecular competition experiments on geraniol oxidation by the combined use of tetraarylbismuthonium tetrafluoroborates and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) have revealed that the oxidizing ability of the bismuthonium salt increases by the introduction of methyl groups at the ortho position and an electron-withdrawing group at the para position of the aryl ligands. The intermolecular and intramolecular H/D kinetic isotope effects observed for the competitive oxidation of p-bromobenzyl alcohols have shown that the present oxidation reaction consists of fast pre-equilibrium leading to alkoxytetraarylbismuth(V) intermediates (first step) and α-hydrogen abstraction by the aryl ligand attached to the bismuth (second step). The experimental results demonstrate that the electron-deficient aryl ligands enhance the electrophilicity at the bismuth center to put forward the first step and that the bulky ligands destabilize the alkoxybismuth(V) intermediates to accelerate the second step. The newly explored mesityl- and 2,6-xylyltriarylbismuthonium salts have proven to convert primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with high efficiency under mild conditions. A remarkable steric effect of these oxidants has also been exhibited in the chemoselective oxidation between primary and secondary benzylic alcohols.
Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes with D<sub>2</sub>O <i>via</i> synergistic organic and photoredox catalysis
作者:Jianyang Dong、Xiaochen Wang、Zhen Wang、Hongjian Song、Yuxiu Liu、Qingmin Wang
DOI:10.1039/c9sc05132e
日期:——
Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes is of high interest for labeling purposes and for optimizing properties of drug candidates. Herein, we report a mild general method for formyl-selective deuterium labeling of aldehydes with D2O, an inexpensive deuterium source, via a synergistic combination of light-driven, polyoxometalate-facilitated hydrogen atom transfer and thiol catalysis. This highly
Ruthenium-BINAP Catalyzed Alcohol C–H <i>tert</i>-Prenylation via 1,3-Enyne Transfer Hydrogenation: Beyond Stoichiometric Carbanions in Enantioselective Carbonyl Propargylation
作者:Khoa D. Nguyen、Daniel Herkommer、Michael J. Krische
DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b02279
日期:2016.4.27
found to catalyze the enantioselective C-C coupling of diverse primary alcohols with the 1,3-enyne, TMSC≡CC(Me)═CH2, to form secondary homopropargyl alcohols bearing gem-dimethyl groups. All reagents for this byproduct-free coupling are inexpensive and commercially available, making this protocol a practical alternative to stoichiometric carbanions in enantioselectivecarbonyl reverse prenylation.
发现由 (TFA)2Ru(CO)(PPh3)2 和 (R)-BINAP 原位形成的手性钌配合物可催化多种伯醇与 1,3-烯炔的对映选择性 CC 偶联,TMSC≡CC(Me )=CH2,形成带有钋-二甲基基团的仲高炔丙醇。这种无副产品耦合的所有试剂都很便宜且可商购,使该协议成为对映选择性羰基反向异戊二烯化中化学计量碳负离子的实用替代品。