2,4-dioxo-3-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid ethyl ester | 100796-16-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 英文名称: 2,4-dioxo-3-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid ethyl ester
• 英文别名: 2,4-Dioxo-3-phenylhydrazono-valeriansaeure-aethylester；α.γ-Dioxo-β-phenylhydrazono-n-valeriansaeure-aethylester
• CAS: 100796-16-5
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄
• 分子量: 262.265
• InChiKey: NPYWUUAKKOMOHY-RVDMUPIBSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.18
• 重原子数：
  19.0
• 可旋转键数：
  6.0
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.23
• 拓扑面积：
  84.83
• 氢给体数：
  1.0
• 氢受体数：
  6.0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2,4-dioxo-3-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid ethyl ester 在 钾硼氢 、 乙醇 作用下， 生成 4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
  参考文献：
  名称：

  304.用碱金属硼氢化物还原某些α-苯基肼基酮

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1039/jr9570001583
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氯化重氮苯 、 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 水 作用下， 生成 2,4-dioxo-3-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid ethyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Beyer; Claisen, Chemische Berichte, 1888, vol. 21, p. 1702

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• The Comparative Efficacy of Drug Therapies Used for the Management of Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Meta-Regression
  作者：Shreyasee Amin、Michael P. Lavalley、Robert W. Simms、David T. Felson

  DOI：10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.8.1512

  日期：——

  We determined the comparative efficacy of vitamin D, calcitonin, fluoride, and bisphosphonates for the management of corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis using meta‐regression models. A systematic search for trials was conducted using MEDLINE, bibliographic references, abstracts from national meetings, and contact with pharmaceutical companies and content experts. We included all randomized controlled trials, lasting at least 6 months, of adult patients on oral corticosteroids that evaluated treatment comparisons between vitamin D, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, or fluoride either with no therapy/calcium or with each other and that reported extractable results. The outcome measure of interest was change in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). We identified 45 eligible trials, which provided 49 eligible treatment comparisons (some trials had three arms or more). Our results indicated that bisphosphonates were the most effective class (effect size 1.03; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.17); results were similar even when newer generations of nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates were excluded from analysis. We found the efficacy of bisphosphonates was enhanced further when used in combination with vitamin D (effect size, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). Vitamin D and calcitonin were more effective than no therapy/calcium (effect size, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.62; and effect size, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.67, respectively) and were of similar efficacy, but both were significantly less effective than bisphosphonates. Fluoride appeared effective, but there were too few studies (n = 5) to draw robust conclusions regarding its efficacy compared with the other three therapies. In summary, bisphosphonates are the most effective of evaluated agents for managing corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis. The efficacy of bisphosphonates is enhanced further with concomitant use of vitamin D.

  我们利用元回归模型确定了维生素 D、降钙素、氟化物和双膦酸盐在治疗皮质类固醇引起的骨质疏松症方面的疗效比较。我们利用 MEDLINE、参考文献、全国性会议的摘要以及与制药公司和内容专家的联系，对试验进行了系统性检索。我们纳入了所有针对口服皮质类固醇的成年患者进行的至少持续 6 个月的随机对照试验，这些试验评估了维生素 D、降钙素、双磷酸盐或氟化物与无疗法/钙疗法或与其他疗法之间的治疗比较，并报告了可提取的结果。我们关注的结果指标是腰椎骨矿物质密度（BMD）的变化。我们确定了 45 项符合条件的试验，提供了 49 项符合条件的治疗对比（有些试验有三个或更多臂）。我们的结果表明，双膦酸盐是最有效的一类药物（效应大小为 1.03；95% CI：0.85，1.17）；即使将新一代含氮双膦酸盐排除在分析之外，结果也是相似的。我们发现，如果与维生素 D 联合使用，双膦酸盐的疗效会进一步提高（效应大小为 1.31；95% CI：1.07, 1.50）。维生素 D 和降钙素比无疗法/钙疗法更有效（效应大小分别为 0.46；95% CI：0.27，0.62；效应大小分别为 0.51；95% CI：0.33，0.67），两者的疗效相似，但都明显低于双膦酸盐。氟化物似乎有效，但研究数量太少（n = 5），无法就其疗效与其他三种疗法相比得出可靠的结论。总之，在已评估的治疗皮质类固醇引起的骨质疏松症的药物中，双膦酸盐最为有效。同时服用维生素 D 可进一步提高双膦酸盐的疗效。
• Disparities in Mammography Screening in Rural Areas: Analysis of County Differences in North Carolina
  作者：Doyle M. Cummings、Lauren M. Whetstone、Jo Anne Earp、Linda Mayne

  DOI：10.1111/j.1748-0361.2002.tb00879.x

  日期：2002.12

  The extent to which targeted mammography programs have impacted women in rural areas is not well defined. We investigated mammography screening rates among 843 women age 50 and over from a population‐based sample in four predominantly rural eastern North Carolina counties. We examined age, race, education level, county of residence, health insurance, and the self‐reported completion of mammography in the past year using contingency tables and logistic regression. African American females aged 65 years or older had the lowest reported mammography rates (42%), while white females aged 50 to 64 had the highest rates (58%). Uninsured women and those with less education were less likely to have received a mammogram. Logistic regression demonstrated that age, education, and health insurance were significant predictors of mammography completion. A county‐level analysis revealed that three counties had similar rates and one county had substantially laver rates. A higher‐than‐expected rate of screening‐mammography completion among African American women was noted in one predominantly rural county served by a breast cancer screening program. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that county was a significant predictor for mammography completion. In separate regressions run by race, county remained a significant predictor for African American women but not for white women. Differences in mammography screening appear to persist in some predominantly rural areas and are related to age, race, education, and health insurance. Programs that target hard‐to‐reach women with efforts tailored specifically to their needs may be effective in reducing persistent racial differences.