The invasion of pathogenic fungi poses nonnegligible threats to the human health and agricultural industry. This work exploited a family of hydroxyethyl naphthalimides as novel antifungal species with synergistic potential of chemical and dynamic treatment to combat the fungal resistance. These prepared naphthalimides showed better antifungal potency than fluconazole towards some tested fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis 22019. Especially, thioether benzimidazole derivative 7f with excellent anti-Candida tropicalis efficacy (MIC = 4 μg/mL) possessed low cytotoxicity, safe hemolysis level and less susceptibility to induce resistance. Biochemical interactions displayed that 7f could form a supramolecular complex with DNA to block DNA replication, and constitute a biosupermolecule with cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Candida tropicalis to hinder CPR biological function. Additionally, 7f presented strong lipase affinity, which facilitated its permeation into cell membrane. Moreover, 7f with dynamic antifungal potency promoted the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which destroyed the antioxidant defence system, led to oxidative stress with lipid peroxidation, loss of glutathione, membrane dysfunction and metabolic inactivation, and eventually caused cell death. The chemical and dynamic antifungal synergistic effect initiated by hydroxyethyl naphthalimides was a reasonable treatment window for prospective development.
病原真菌的入侵对人类健康和农业造成了不可忽视的威胁。本研究利用羟乙基
萘二甲
酰亚胺家族作为新型抗真菌剂,通过
化学和动态处理的协同潜力来对抗真菌的抗药性。与
氟康唑相比,这些制备的
萘二甲
酰亚胺对一些受试真菌(包括烟曲霉、热带念珠菌和副丝状念珠菌 22019)表现出更好的抗真菌效力。尤其是
硫醚
苯并咪唑衍
生物 7f,具有极佳的抗热带念珠菌效果(MIC = 4 μg/mL),而且细胞毒性低,溶血
水平安全,不易产生抗药性。生化相互作用显示,7f 能与 DNA 形成超分子复合物,阻断 DNA 复制,并与热带念珠菌的细胞色素 P450 还原酶(CPR)构成
生物超分子,阻碍 CPR 的
生物功能。此外,7f 还具有很强的
脂肪酶亲和力,有利于其渗透到细胞膜中。此外,具有动态抗真菌效力的 7f 还能促进细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生和积累,从而破坏细胞的抗氧化防御系统,导致氧化应激引起脂质过氧化、
谷胱甘肽损失、膜功能障碍和代谢失活,最终导致
细胞死亡。羟乙基
萘二甲
酰亚胺引发的
化学和动态抗真菌协同效应是一个合理的治疗窗口,具有发展前景。