A zwitterionic viologen disulfonate–hydroquinone charge-transfer crystal: 2,2′-(4,4′-bipyridinium-1,1′-diyl)di(ethanesulfonate)–hydroquinone (1/2)
摘要:
The structure of the title compound, C14H16N2O6S2.2C(6)H(6)O(2), consists of 2,2'-(4,4'-bipyridinium-1,1'-diyl)di(ethanesulfonate) molecules (with crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry) that are hydrogen bonded to each other, as well as to hydroquinone molecules, in a complex three-dimensional motif. The orange color of the crystals is indicative of the donor-acceptor interaction between the electron-rich hydroquinone pi-donor and the electron-dercient bipyridinium pi-acceptor. The dihedral angle between the bipyridyl planes is 38.31 (11) degrees. The distance from the centroid of one of the hydroquinone molecules to the center of the bipyridinium group is 3.653 (3) Angstrom, which is within the range typically observed for molecular complexes exhibiting charge-transfer characteristics.
Viologens with charged groups: New redox carriers in reactions of photocatalytic separation of hydrogen from water in homogeneous and vesicular systems
作者:V. E. Maier、A. N. Kitaigorodskii、N. K. Khannanov、V. Ya. Shafirovich
DOI:10.1007/bf00957296
日期:1987.11
A Photochromic Zwitterionic Viologen: 4,4'-Bipyridinium-1,1'-bis(2-ethylsulfonate) Monohydrate
作者:L. A. Vermeulen、P. D. Robinson
DOI:10.1107/s0108270195013989
日期:1996.4.15
The structural analysis of the title compound, C14H16-N2O6S2.H2O, shows that the packing of the zwitterionic molecule in the crystal is such that the anionic sulfonate groups are located between the dicationic bipyridinium groups of adjacent molecules. Hydrogen bonds between a water molecule and the sulfonate groups link adjacent molecules into infinite molecular chains. The bipyridinium portions of adjacent molecules are not parallel, but form an angle of 58.0(1)degrees with respect to one another, forming a wedge within which the anionic groups are located.