Total Synthesis of α-1C-Galactosylceramide, an Immunostimulatory C-Glycosphingolipid, and Confirmation of the Stereochemistry in the First-Generation Synthesis
摘要:
A nonisosteric alpha-C-glycoside analogue of KRN7000 (alpha-1C-GalCer, 1) was reported to induce a selective type of cytokine release in human invariant natural killer cells in vitro. We report here a very concise synthetic route to 1 and its analogue 1'. The key steps include olefin cross-metathesis, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, and epoxide opening by NaN3/NH4Cl. Inversion of configuration at the amide-bearing carbon in the phytosphingosine backbone constructed by epoxide opening in our previous synthesis of 1 was verified, indicating that remote group participation is not involved during the epoxide-opening reaction.
Synthesis of Immunostimulatory α-C-Galactosylceramide Glycolipids via Sonogashira Coupling, Asymmetric Epoxidation, and Trichloroacetimidate-Mediated Epoxide Opening
摘要:
Stereocontrolled syntheses of alpha-C-GalCer (2) and its alpha-C-acetylenic analogue 6 were accomplished in high efficiency by a convergent construction strategy from 1-hexadecene and D-galactose. The key transformations include Sonogashira coupling, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, and Et(2)AlCl-catalyzed cyclization of an epoxytrichloroacetimidate to generate protected dihydrooxazine 21.
The Crotylation Way to Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Analogues of KRN7000
作者:Ahmad S. Altiti、Stewart Bachan、David R. Mootoo
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02284
日期:2016.9.16
A synthesis of glycosphingolipids that centers on the reaction of O- and C-glycosyl crotylstannanes and relatively simple lipid aldehydes is described. The modularity of this strategy and versatility of the crotylation products make this an attractive approach to diverse, highly substituted libraries. The methodology is applied to analogues of the potent imunostimulatory glycolipid KRN7000, including