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iminocarbene | 6914-07-4

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
iminocarbene
英文别名
Hydrogen isocyanide;methanidylidyneazanium
iminocarbene化学式
CAS
6914-07-4
化学式
CHN
mdl
——
分子量
27.0256
InChiKey
QIUBLANJVAOHHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.1
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    1
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
有机腈类通过肝脏中的细胞色素P450酶的作用转化为化物离子。化物迅速被吸收并在全身分布。化物主要通过罗丹酶或3-巯基丙酸转移酶代谢成硫氰酸盐。化物的代谢物通过尿液排出。
Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
有机腈在体内和体外都会分解成化物离子。因此,有机腈的主要毒性机制是它们产生有毒的化物离子或氢氰酸化物是电子传递链第四复合体(存在于真核细胞线粒体膜中)中的细胞色素c氧化酶的抑制剂。它与这种酶中的三价原子形成配合物。化物与这种细胞色素的结合阻止了电子从细胞色素c氧化酶传递到氧气。结果,电子传递链被中断,细胞无法再通过有氧呼吸产生ATP能量。主要依赖有氧呼吸的组织,如中枢神经系统和心脏,受到特别影响。化物也通过与过氧化氢酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、变性血红蛋白、羟胺素、磷酸酶、酪氨酸酶抗坏血酸氧化酶黄嘌呤氧化酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶以及Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶结合,产生一些毒性效应。化物与变性血红蛋白中的三价离子结合,形成无活性的化变性血红蛋白。
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
短时间内接触高浓度的化物会对大脑和心脏造成伤害,甚至可能导致昏迷、癫痫、呼吸暂停、心脏骤停和死亡。长期吸入化物会引起呼吸困难、胸痛、呕吐、血象改变、头痛和甲状腺肿大。皮肤接触化物盐可能会引起刺激并产生溃疡。
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服(L96);吸入(L96);皮肤给药(L96)
Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
化物中毒的表现包括快速、深大的呼吸和呼吸急促,全身无力,眩晕,头痛,头晕,混乱,抽搐/癫痫发作,最终失去意识。
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

SDS

SDS:bc06ef5001a28ceb93b9ea15b6076e99
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反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    三乙基硼iminocarbene乙醚 为溶剂, 以5%的产率得到2,3,3,5,6,6-hexaethyl-[1,4,2,5]diazadiborinane
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Hesse, G.; Witte, H.; Haussleiter, H., Angewandte Chemie, 1966, vol. 78, p. 748
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    potassium cyanide硫酸 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 以0%的产率得到iminocarbene
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Nelson, D. F.; Kirk, P. L., Journal of Chromatography, 1963, vol. 12, p. 167 - 170
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • On self-limitation of UV photolysis in rare-gas solids and some of its consequences for matrix studies
    作者:Leonid Khriachtchev、Mika Pettersson、Markku Räsänen
    DOI:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00295-4
    日期:1998.5
    UV photolysis of small molecules embedded in rare-gas matrices is examined. We demonstrate that photolysis can be self-limited when products absorb the photolysing radiation. As a result of the rising absorption, in-situ detected luminescence of the photolysis product saturates faster than its concentration. In particular, the present study supports the conclusion that 193 nm photolysis of hydrogen-containing
    检查了嵌入稀有气体基质中的小分子的紫外光解。我们证明,当产品吸收光解辐射时,光解作用可以是自限性的。由于吸收增加,光解产物的原位检测发光饱和快于其浓度。特别地,本研究支持这样的结论,即Xe矩阵中含氢物质的193 nm光解产生的氢原子数量可与前体的其他解离部分相媲美。此外,我们显示193 nm辐射激活了退火过程中氢原子的迁移率,从而加速了与氢迁移率有关的光化学过程。
  • Channeling of Products in the Hot Atom Reaction H + (CN)<sub>2</sub> → HCN/HNC + CN and in the Reaction of CN with CH<sub>3</sub>SH
    作者:Brian K. Decker、R. Glen Macdonald
    DOI:10.1021/jp0108061
    日期:2001.7.1
    for the gas-phase hot atom reaction H + (CN)sub 2} yields} HCN/HNC + CN (a) and the reaction CN + CHsub 3}SH yields} HCN/HNC + CHsub 3}S/CHsub 2}SH (b) at 293 K. The reactive H atoms had an initial mean translational energy of 92 kJ mol-1, with a 38 kJ molsup -1} fwhm Gaussian energy distribution. The branching fractions determined for the product channels forming HCN and HNC, respectively, are
    红外瞬态吸收光谱用于确定气相热原子反应 H + (CN)sub 2} 产率} HCN/HNC + CN (a) 和反应 CN + CHsub 3 的总产物支化分数}SH 产率} HCN/HNC + CHsub 3}S/CHsub 2}SH (b) 在 293 K。反应性 H 原子的初始平均平移能量为 92 kJ mol-1,38 kJ molsup -1} fwhm 高斯能量分布。为形成 HCN 和 HNC 的产物通道确定的支化分数分别为反应 (a) 的 0.88 和 0.12 (+-}0.05) 和反应 (b) 的 0.81 和 0.19 (+-}0.08)。反应 (b) 的双分子速率常数在 293 K 时测量为 (2.7 +-} 0.3) x 10sup -10} cmsup 3}molecsup -1} ssup -1}。观察到的反应 (a) 的产物支化分
  • Rotational and Vibrational State Distributions of HNC(0 0) from the Hot H Atom Reaction:  H + (CN)<sub>2</sub> → HNC + CN
    作者:R. Glen Macdonald
    DOI:10.1021/jp0010583
    日期:2000.11.1
    energetic H atoms with a mean translational energy of 92 kJ molsup -1}. The HNC molecule was monitored by time- and frequency-resolved absorption spectroscopy with sub-Doppler resolution. The initial rotational state distribution of each HNC(0 vsup 1}sub 2} 0) vibrational level was measured and found to be well-described by a Boltzmann distribution. Only two vibrational levels were detected so that
    通过探测产生瞬态 HNC 分子的次要产物通道来研究五原子系统 H + (CN)sub 2} 的反应动力学。为 HNC(0vsup 1}sub 2} 0), vsup 1}sub 2} = 0sup 0},1sup - 确定了完整的初始能量配置、平移、旋转和振动1},产品。该反应在本体条件下进行研究,由平均平移能量为 92 kJ molsup -1} 的高能 H 原子引发。通过具有亚多普勒分辨率的时间和频率分辨吸收光谱监测 HNC 分子。测量了每个 HNC(0 vsup 1}sub 2} 0) 振动能级的初始旋转状态分布,并发现它可以通过玻尔兹曼分布很好地描述。仅检测到两个振动平,因此也确定了初始 HNC 产品振动平分布。对于标称平移能为 113 kJ mol.sup -1} 的 H 原子,标题反应的绝对反应截面测量为 2 x 10sup -18} cmsup -2}。
  • Experimental determination of the υ1 fundamental vibrational transition moment for HNC
    作者:G. He、R.Glen Macdonald
    DOI:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01445-6
    日期:1999.2
    generated by the reaction of translationally energetic H atoms with ClCN, and the resulting products, HCl, HCN and HNC, followed by time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy. The subsequent reaction of the Cl and CN species with the H atom precursor, CH3SH, resulted in a definite stoichiometric relationship between the stable products and HNC. This stoichiometric relationship was used to relate the
    氰酸氢根HNC是通过将能翻译的高能H原子与ClCN以及所生成的HCl,HCN和HNC反应生成的,然后进行了时间分辨红外吸收光谱分析。Cl和CN物种与H原子前体CH 3 SH的后续反应导致稳定产物与HNC之间存在明确的化学计量关系。该化学计量关系用于将HNC吸收与HCN和HCl的吸收相关联。所述υ 1被确定基本振动跃迁力矩为0.141±0.007德拜。
  • Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: B: B-Verb.1, 2.6.2.1, page 140 - 142
    作者:
    DOI:——
    日期:——
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