New fragmentation and rearrangement reactions of the azetidine ring promoted by AlEt2Cl
作者:Benito Alcaide、Nati R Salgado、Miguel A Sierra
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10577-9
日期:1998.1
Azetidines 6 prepared by AlH2Cl reduction of easily available β-lactams 5 react with AlEt2Cl in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature to yield, through new fragmentation or rearrangement reactions of the azetidine ring, either, olefins 7 or bicyclic fused pyrrolidines 8, depending on the nature of the group bonded to C2 of the four membered ring.
New intramolecular cyclization and rearrangement processes based on the radical aryl-aryl coupling of arylsubstituted 2-azetidinones
作者:Benito Alcaide、Alberto Rodríguez-Vicente
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01373-2
日期:1998.9
2-azetidinones having fused or not biaryl units are easily prepared by the tin-mediated, intramolecular aryl-aryl radical cyclization of readily available arylsubstituted 2-azetidinones. The regioselectivity and efficiency of the process is determined both by the length of the linking chain through the β-lactam nucleus and by the number and position of the substituents on the aromatic acceptor ring.
Novel Diethylaluminum Chloride Promoted Reactions of the Azetidine Ring: Efficient and Stereocontrolled Entry to Functionalized Olefins, Pyrrolidines, and Pyrroles
作者:Benito Alcaide、Pedro Almendros、Cristina Aragoncillo、Nati R. Salgado
DOI:10.1021/jo991203c
日期:1999.12.1
The first examples of Lewis acid promoted fragmentation or rearrangement of the azetidine ring are reported. Azetidine precursors, cis-beta-lactams, were easily available as single cis-diastereoisomers by the Staudinger reaction. Both cis- and trans-4-formyl-beta-lactams react with the appropriate dial or dithiol under acid catalysis to yield dioxolanes or dithiolanes, while reaction with trimethyl orthoformate or benzenethiol gave 4-acetal or thioacetal beta-lactams, respectively. Azetidines were smoothly obtained by reduction of easily available beta-lactams with monochloroalane (AlH2Cl), generated in situ from LiAlH4/AlCl3. The chemical reactivity of azetidines with AlEt2Cl was further investigated. Different substituted azetidines showed varied behavior on product formation during diethylaluminum chloride promoted reactions. Azetidines having 4-methoxyphenyl or 2-furyl groups at C2 and a benzyl or allyl substituent at nitrogen efficiently reacted with AlEt2Cl to give olefins stereoselectively through a fragmentation process, while acetal or thioacetal azetidines under the standard reaction conditions afforded in a stereocontrolled manner pyrrolidines as the sole product. Furthermore, thioacetal azetidines bearing a substituent at C3 on the azetidine ring that can promote aromatization (phenoxy or exocyclic double bond) gave pyrroles by reaction with AlEt2Cl.
Thermally Induced Isomerization of <i>cis</i>-1,3,4-Trisubstituted 2-Azetidinones
作者:Benito Alcaide、Pedro Almendros、Nati R. Salgado、Alberto Rodríguez-Vicente
DOI:10.1021/jo000229x
日期:2000.7.1
Syntheses of β-lactams from acetic acids and imines induced by phenyl dichlorophosphate reagent
作者:Ana Arrieta、Fernando P. Cossio、Claudio Palomo
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96484-1
日期:——
Among the reagents known to produce β-lactams from imines and acetic acids, only phenyl dichlorophosphate and 1-methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide are suitable for the synthesis of vinylamino- β-lactams. Reaction of acetic acids with ethanolimine derivatives promoted by phenyl dichlorophosphate affords oxazolidines instead β-lactams. Protection of the hydroxyl group as the trimethylsilyl ether in the