建立了超声辅助浊点萃取(UACPE)程序,用于环境水样中铬(III)和(VI)的形态分析和间接分光光度法测定。该方法是基于Cr(VI)通过碘在酸性介质中还原并随后形成我3 -的阴离子。在我3 -形成的离子可与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)进一步反应,并由于形成离子缔合复合物而导致其浑浊。从溶液中分离出形成的络合物,并溶解在乙醇中用于分光光度法测量。在将碘化物添加到系统之前,选择硫酸铈(IV)铵作为将Cr(III)氧化为Cr(VI)物种的预氧化步骤的氧化剂,可以通过该方法确定三价铬。分光光度反应和萃取过程的实验参数均已优化。在最佳条件下,Cr(VI)的测定范围为20–400 ng mL -1(R 2 = 0.999)。检出限,预浓系数和相对标准偏差为12 ng mL -1 10 mL样品体积分别为20.0%和2.2%(n = 5)。该方法已成功用于滴加水,合成海水和电镀废水中铬(V)的测定,平均回收率分别为100
A liquid crystal cell, a manufacturing method thereof and a use thereof are provided in the present disclosure. The liquid crystal cell is in a normally transparent mode, and has excellent transmittance-variable characteristics in a transparent mode and a scattering mode and excellent haze characteristics in the scattering mode. Such liquid crystal cell may be applied to various light modulation devices, such as a smart window, a window protective film, a flexible display element, a light shielding plate for transparent displays, an active retarder for 3D image displays or a viewing angle control film.
The present application relates to a liquid crystal device. The liquid crystal device of the present application may realize a transparent white state, a transparent black state and a scattering state according to a frequency and/or level of an applied voltage. The liquid crystal device may be applied to, for example, a window of a vehicle, a smart window, a window protective film, a display, a light cutoff panel for a display, an active retarder for a 3D image display or a viewing angle controlling film.
A liquid crystal cell, a manufacturing method thereof and a use thereof are provided in the present disclosure. The liquid crystal cell is in a normally transparent mode, and has excellent transmittance-variable characteristics in a transparent mode and a scattering mode and excellent haze characteristics in the scattering mode. Such liquid crystal cell may be applied to various light modulation devices, such as a smart window, a window protective film, a flexible display element, a light shielding plate for transparent displays, an active retarder for 3D image displays or a viewing angle control film.
A liquid crystal cell and a manufacturing method thereof and a use thereof are provided in the present disclosure. The liquid crystal cell is in a normally transparent mode, and has excellent transmittance-variable characteristics in a transparent mode and a scattering mode and excellent haze characteristics in the scattering mode. Such liquid crystal cell may be applied to various light modulation devices such as a smart window, a window protective film, a flexible display element, a light shielding plate for transparent displays, an active retarder for 3D image displays or a viewing angle control film.