Asymmetric Nucleophilic Acylation of Aldehydes via 1,1-Heterodisubstituted Alkenes
摘要:
Aldehydes are asymmetrically acylated by a two step sequence that is initiated by a homologation step to 1,1-heterodisubstituted alkenes followed by asymmetric dihydroxylation. Thus, ketene O,S-acetals are efficiently prepared from aldehydes by a Peterson olefination with lithiated methoxy-phenylthiotrimethylsilyl methane 14 as the C-1 source. Although they are dihydroxylated with the Sharpless catalyst with moderate to good enantioselectivity (62-80% ee), the process is not efficient owing to the low chemical yields of the desired alpha-hydroxy methyl esters (7-37%). Use of the corresponding sulfoxide 24 or sulfon 25 led to an improved chemical yield of alpha-hydroxy methyl ester 19, but the stereoselectivity was diminished. In contrast, intermediate ketene O,O-acetals are prepared by a Horner-Wittig reaction with phosphine oxide 31 and are dihydroxylated both with good chemical and stereochemical yield. The concept is applicable to aromatic, aliphatic, and chiral aldehydes. For example, this short sequence allows exclusive and independent preparation of both diastereomeric heptoses 69a and 69b.
A Horner-Wittig solution to the synthesis of ketene, O,O-acetals.
作者:T.A.M. van Schaik、A.V. Henzen、A. van der Gen
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)81641-x
日期:1983.1
Aldehydes as well as ketones can be converted into their homologous ketene, O-O-acetals by a Horner-Wittig reaction with dialkoxymethyl diphenylphosphine oxides.
醛和酮可以通过与二烷氧基甲基二苯基膦氧化物的霍纳-威蒂希反应转化为它们的同源烯酮OO-乙缩醛。
Lithiated Dimethoxymethyl Diphenyl Phosphine Oxide, A Versatile Formiate Carbanion Equivalent
Aldehydes are homologated to the corresponding α-hydroxy methyl esters using lithiated dimethoxymethyl diphenyl phosphineoxide. The primary addition product of this Horner-Wittig process collapses to the corresponding α-hydroxy ester under proton-catalyzed conditions.
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I
1
and the pharmaceutically acceptable forms thereof; wherein X, Y, a, b, c, d, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
and R
5
are as defined herein. Moreover, the present invention is also directed at pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Furthermore, the present invention is directed at methods of using the herein described compounds and compositions for treating or preventing a disorder or condition that can be treated or prevented by antagonizing the CCR1 receptor in a mammal.
The first synthetic advances towards the novel diterpenoid tonantzitlolone 1 are described. The key steps in the synthesis involve a chromium(II) Reformatsky reaction, a diastereoselective C1 extension and an expeditious aldol coupling step of two advanced precursors.
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I
1
and the pharmaceutically acceptable forms thereof; wherein X, Y, a, b, c, d, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
and R
5
are as defined herein. Moreover, the present invention is also directed at pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Furthermore, the present invention is directed at methods of using the herein described compounds and compositions for treating or preventing a disorder or condition that can be treated or prevented by antagonizing the CCR1 receptor in a mammal.