Cu(II)/Z4A as an Efficient Nanocomposite for Oxidative Degradation of Indole and Optimization of Effective Factors via RSM Procedure
作者:Samira Amiri Khoshkar Vandani、Reza Fazaeli、Masoud Giahi Saravani、Hoda Pasdar
DOI:10.21608/ejchem.2021.33523.2703
日期:2021.5.23
One of the aromatic contaminants in the oil and fuel is indole, which is toxic even at low doses and is considered as air and water pollutant. In this research, the surface of Zeolite 4A (Z4A) was modified by Cu(II)nanoparticles to introduce a desirable nanocomposite (Cu(II)/Z4A) for indole oxidative degradation. Catalysts characterization was carried out by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and BET/BJH techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed for studying several effective factors influences in indole oxidation process, including pH, weight percentage of loaded copper (Cu(wt %)), mass of composite, and indole initial concentration (IND concentration). The obtained results by BBD revealed the solution pH was the most pivotal factor in indole oxidative degradation and predicted that under the optimum experimental conditions, the efficiency should be 98.91%. Moreover, GC-mass analysis was applied for evaluating side products, of which results led to some mechanisms and new productions to be found by using indole oxidative degradation. The results also demonstrated that due to indole oxidation and applying the proper solvent (ethanol), some side products were generated capable of acting as a fuel octane number enhancer, which may play a significant role in obtaining more valuable fuels.
吲哚是石油和燃料中的芳香族污染物之一,即使在低剂量下也具有毒性,被视为空气和水污染物。在这项研究中,沸石 4A (Z4A) 的表面被 Cu(II) 纳米粒子修饰,从而形成了一种理想的纳米复合材料(Cu(II)/Z4A),用于吲哚氧化降解。催化剂的表征采用了 XRD、SEM、EDS、FTIR 和 BET/BJH 技术。采用基于盒-贝肯设计(BBD)的响应面方法(RSM)研究了影响吲哚氧化过程的几个有效因素,包括 pH 值、负载铜的重量百分比(Cu(wt %))、复合材料的质量和吲哚的初始浓度(IND 浓度)。BBD 得出的结果表明,溶液 pH 值是吲哚氧化降解过程中最关键的因素,并预测在最佳实验条件下,吲哚氧化降解效率应为 98.91%。此外,还应用气相色谱-质谱分析法评估了副产物,结果发现了吲哚氧化降解的一些机理和新产物。结果还表明,由于吲哚氧化和使用适当的溶剂(乙醇),产生了一些副产品,这些副产品可作为燃料辛烷值增强剂,在获得更有价值的燃料方面可能发挥重要作用。