Enhancement of Diastereoselectivity in Photodimerization of Alkyl 2-Naphthoates with Chiral Auxiliaries via Inclusion within γ-Cyclodextrin Cavities
摘要:
Irradiations of alkyl 2-naphthoates are known to result in four isomeric "cubane-like" photodimers: anti(HH)-2, syn(HH)-2, anti(HT)-2, and syn(HT)-2 where the anti(HH)-2, anti(HT)-2, and syn(HT)-2 consist of pairs of diastereomers. Here, chiral auxiliary and chiral microreactor strategies have been combined to achieve high diastereoselectivity in photo-dimerizations of an enantiomeric pair of 2-naphthoates with (R)- and (S)-1-methoxycarbonylethyl esters as chiral auxiliaries (1R and 1S). Thus, irradiations of their gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) complexes have been conducted. Fluorescence, IR, and NMR spectra of both enantiomers of I demonstrate that their gamma-CD complexes are mainly 2:2 with the molecules of 1 in head-to-head orientations. Irradiation of the complexes in the solid state mainly resulted in anti(HH)-2. The absolute configuration of each diastereomer of anti(HH)-2 has been established for the first time here. The diastereomeric excesses (de's) of anti(HH)-2 from IR and 15 were 94% and 86%, respectively. These de's are much higher than those found from irradiations in solution (55% for IR and 1S), where the opposite diastereomeric form is in excess! Calculations of the energies of various conformations of the head-to-head 2:2 inclusion complexes were performed using the PM3 approach. The predicted major diastereomers based on the calculation are consistent with those found experimentally.
Temperature-controlled NaI-mediated α-oxybenzoylation or oxyacylation–decarboxylation reactions of dimethyl malonate with carboxylic acids
摘要:
A NaI-mediated alpha-functionalization of dimethyl malonate and its derivatives with carboxylic acids has been developed. Two different reaction routes based on the same substrates and reaction conditions by simply altering the reaction temperature have been observed, which led to the synthesis of two types of products in good to high yields. The scope of substrates was investigated for both types of reactions, respectively, and possible reaction mechanisms were suggested. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A NaI-mediated alpha-functionalization of dimethyl malonate and its derivatives with carboxylic acids has been developed. Two different reaction routes based on the same substrates and reaction conditions by simply altering the reaction temperature have been observed, which led to the synthesis of two types of products in good to high yields. The scope of substrates was investigated for both types of reactions, respectively, and possible reaction mechanisms were suggested. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Enhancement of Diastereoselectivity in Photodimerization of Alkyl 2-Naphthoates with Chiral Auxiliaries via Inclusion within γ-Cyclodextrin Cavities
Irradiations of alkyl 2-naphthoates are known to result in four isomeric "cubane-like" photodimers: anti(HH)-2, syn(HH)-2, anti(HT)-2, and syn(HT)-2 where the anti(HH)-2, anti(HT)-2, and syn(HT)-2 consist of pairs of diastereomers. Here, chiral auxiliary and chiral microreactor strategies have been combined to achieve high diastereoselectivity in photo-dimerizations of an enantiomeric pair of 2-naphthoates with (R)- and (S)-1-methoxycarbonylethyl esters as chiral auxiliaries (1R and 1S). Thus, irradiations of their gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) complexes have been conducted. Fluorescence, IR, and NMR spectra of both enantiomers of I demonstrate that their gamma-CD complexes are mainly 2:2 with the molecules of 1 in head-to-head orientations. Irradiation of the complexes in the solid state mainly resulted in anti(HH)-2. The absolute configuration of each diastereomer of anti(HH)-2 has been established for the first time here. The diastereomeric excesses (de's) of anti(HH)-2 from IR and 15 were 94% and 86%, respectively. These de's are much higher than those found from irradiations in solution (55% for IR and 1S), where the opposite diastereomeric form is in excess! Calculations of the energies of various conformations of the head-to-head 2:2 inclusion complexes were performed using the PM3 approach. The predicted major diastereomers based on the calculation are consistent with those found experimentally.