Inhibition of Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 by Novel 2-Oxoamides in Vitro, in Cells, and in Vivo
摘要:
The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (GIVA PLA(2)) is a particularly attractive target for drug development because it is the rate-limiting provider of proinflammatory mediators. We previously reported the discovery of novel 2-oxoamides that inhibit GIVA PLA(2) [Kokotos, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2891-2893]. In the present work, we have further explored this class of inhibitors and found that the 2-oxoamide functionality is more potent when it contains a long 2-oxoacyl residue and a free carboxy group. Long-chain 2-oxoamides based on gamma-aminobutyric acid and gamma-norleucine are potent inhibitors of GIVA PLA(2). Such inhibitors act through a fast and reversible mode of inhibition in vitro, are able to block the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E-2 in cells, and demonstrate potent in vivo antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.
Inhibition of Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> by Novel 2-Oxoamides in Vitro, in Cells, and in Vivo
作者:George Kokotos、David A. Six、Vassilios Loukas、Timothy Smith、Violetta Constantinou-Kokotou、Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina、Stavroula Kotsovolou、Antonia Chiou、Christopher C. Beltzner、Edward A. Dennis
DOI:10.1021/jm030485c
日期:2004.7.1
The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (GIVA PLA(2)) is a particularly attractive target for drug development because it is the rate-limiting provider of proinflammatory mediators. We previously reported the discovery of novel 2-oxoamides that inhibit GIVA PLA(2) [Kokotos, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2891-2893]. In the present work, we have further explored this class of inhibitors and found that the 2-oxoamide functionality is more potent when it contains a long 2-oxoacyl residue and a free carboxy group. Long-chain 2-oxoamides based on gamma-aminobutyric acid and gamma-norleucine are potent inhibitors of GIVA PLA(2). Such inhibitors act through a fast and reversible mode of inhibition in vitro, are able to block the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E-2 in cells, and demonstrate potent in vivo antiinflammatory and analgesic activity.
Enzymatic Removal of Carboxyl Protecting Groups. 2. Cleavage of the Benzyl and Methyl Moieties
作者:Efrosini Barbayianni、Irene Fotakopoulou、Marlen Schmidt、Violetta Constantinou-Kokotou、Uwe T. Bornscheuer、George Kokotos
DOI:10.1021/jo051004v
日期:2005.10.1
Enzymes are versatile reagents for the efficient removal of methyl and benzyl protecting groups. An esterase from Bacillus subtilis (BS2) and a lipase from Candida antarctica (CAL-A) allow a mild and selective removal of these moieties in high yields without affecting other functional groups.