Ecotoxicity of ammonium chlorophenoxyacetate derivatives towards aquatic organisms: Unexpected enhanced toxicity upon oxygen by sulfur replacement
作者:Marika Turek、Barbara Pawłowska、Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska、Robert Biczak、Joanna Skalik、Krzysztof Owsianik、Bernard Marciniak、Piotr Bałczewski
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121086
日期:2020.1
Phenoxyacetate herbicides, such as 2,4-D and MCPA, having a high toxicity to non-target organisms are commonly used for controlling broadleaf weeds in agriculture. However, novel and environmentally friendly analogs are constantly sought after. For this purpose, various substituents at the phenyl group have been tested to find the optimal balance between the potent herbicidal activity and safety for
对非目标生物具有高毒性的苯氧乙酸酯除草剂(例如2,4-D和MCPA)通常用于控制农业中的阔叶杂草。然而,不断寻求新颖且环保的类似物。为此,已经对苯基上的各种取代基进行了测试,以找到有效的除草活性和对非目标物种的安全性之间的最佳平衡。在这项工作中,我们研究了硫代氯苯氧乙酸铵的苯氧基部分中的硫替代氧对水生生物(如细菌(费氏弧菌),水蚤(大蚤)和淡水鱼(P)的毒性)的影响。确定实验值(Microtox®测试-V. fischeri)和预测值(ACD Lab Percepta软件-D. magna,P. promelas)EC50 / LC50值。取得的结果表明,与文献观察相反,O化合物的毒性比其S-类似物(尿素/硫脲)高,而O / S替代氯苯氧乙酸盐则显着提高了S-类似物的生态毒性(高达11倍) )。而且,铵盐形式的一和二取代的苯氧基乙酸盐对费氏弧菌的毒性小于酸形式的市售苯氧基除草剂。还计算了logP