Polyamines, structurally related to putrescines and spermidines, are easily obtainable via hydroaminomethylation of methylallylphthalimide with primary or secondary amines. In addition, hydroaminomethylation of monoolefins with urea as a synthetic equivalent for ammonia, in contrast to other methods (e.g. the alkylation of ammonia or ammonium salts), allows selective synthesis of symmetric tertiary
The direct synthesis of tertiary amines from ammonia and olefins is presented. Using a combination of Ru3(CO)12 and 2‐phosphino‐substituted imidazole ligand as catalyst system allows for hydroaminomethylation reactions of bulk aliphatic and functionalized olefins. Tertiary amines are obtained in an atom‐efficient domino process in moderate to good isolated yields (45–76 %) with excellent regioselectivities
under ordinary hydrogen gas pressure to afford the corresponding tertiary amines. However, the use of rhodium on carbon (Rh/C) led to the highly selective generation of secondary amines. Hydrogenation of aromatic nitriles and cyclohexanecarbonitrile selectively produced secondary amines in the presence of either Pd/C or Rh/C.
One-Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical Tertiary and Secondary Amines from Carbonyl Compounds, Ammonium Carbonate and Carbon Monoxide as a Reductant
作者:Karim Muratov、Oleg I. Afanasyev、Ekaterina Kuchuk、Sofiya Runikhina、Denis Chusov
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201901175
日期:2019.10.17
Rh‐catalyzed one‐step synthesis of tertiary and secondary amines from aldehydes and ketones, ammonium carbonate serving as nitrogen source, and carbon monoxide as a reducing agent has been developed. Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes lead to the corresponding tertiary symmetrical amines in 69–83 % yields. Aromatic and aliphatic ketones lead to the corresponding secondary symmetrical amines which were
one ain't bad: Various tertiary, secondary, and primary amines are synthesized in moderate to quantitative yield by the hydrogenation of nitriles under flow conditions. This method enables selective synthesis of three different types of amine from one type of nitrile by using commercial Pd/C or Rh/C catalysts and solvents. The catalyst-packed cartridge is continuously used for at least 72 h.