A new synthetic entry to pentacyclic Strychnos alkaloids. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-tubifolidine, (.+-.)-tubifoline, and (.+-.)-19,20-dihydroakuammicine
摘要:
A new strategy for the synthesis of pentacyclic Strychnos alkaloids has been developed. It consists in the closure of the five-membered E ring by cyclization upon the indole 3-position from a suitably N-substituted tetracyclic system embodying rings ABCD of the alkaloids. Attempts to effect the key cyclization either by Pummerer rearrangement of sulfinylacetamides 4 and 6, from chloroacetamide 12, or from bis(methylthio)acetamide 10b (exocyclic amide carbonyl group) resulted in failure. In the first case dithioacetals 9 and 10, respectively, were formed in good yields. Cyclization from alcohol 13 or from the indole-deactivated acetal 15 and dithiocetal 18 were also unsuccessful: noncyclized products coming from the initially formed oxonium or thionium intermediates 16 were obtained. Cyclization was satisfactorily accomplished in 49% yield by treatment of the N-unsubstituted indole dithioacetal 23 with DMTSF. The resulting pentacycle 25 was converted to 20-deethyltubifolidine (27). A similar treatment from dithioacetal 41a, prepared from the secondary amine 32a, afforded pentacycle 42a, from which the alkaloids tubifoline, tubifolidine, and 19,20-dihydroakuammicine were synthesized.
On the thermal Pummerer rearrangement of substituted sulfoxides
作者:Liliana Marzorati、Eduardo K.C. Yoshikawa、Ataualpa A.C. Braga、Claudio Di Vitta
DOI:10.1080/17415993.2013.853066
日期:2014.5.4
Sulfoxides bearing thioester and ester groups at the α position under heating at ca. 140°C undergo Pummerer thermal rearrangement. However, for sulfonyl sulfoxide, a complex mixture of products is formed. Plausible mechanism is advanced. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Treatment of a mixture of aromatic compound and ethyl α-(methylsulfinyl)acetate (5) with p-toluenesulfonic acid under continuous removal of separated water brought about an intermolecular aromaticsubstitution to give ethyl α-(methylthio)arylacetate (6). Similar treatment of acylmethyl phenethyl sulfoxide (8) led to cyclization into 1-acylisothiochroman (9).