1-Methyl- (Ia - Id) and 1-dodecyl-2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium salts (Ie - Ih), as well as 1-methyl- (IIa) and 1-dodecyl-3-hydroxyiminomethylpyridazinium salts (IIb, IIc), were synthesized as catalysts for hydrolytic cleavage of organophosphates. The activities of the prepared catalysts were evaluated by measuring rate constants of hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate (PNPDPP) under conditions of a pseudo-first-order reaction. The observed reactivity of pyridinium aldoximes Ia - Ih towards PNPDPP in neutral or slightly basic aqueous solutions (pH 7.2 and 7.8) depends on the acidity of the hydroxyimino group. The cleavage of PNPDPP is strongly accelerated in solutions of 1-dodecylhydroxyiminomethylpyridinium salts Ie - Ih above their critical micellar concentration (CMC). Considerable effect on the velocity of PNPDPP cleavage was observed when quaternary pyridinium aldoximes Ie - Ih were comicellized with inert cationic tenside hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). 1-Dodecyl-3-hydroxyiminomethylpyridazinium salts IIb and IIc were unstable in aqueous solutions under the above-mentioned conditions.
1-甲基-(Ia - Id)和1-
十二烷基-2-、3-和
4-羟基亚
甲基吡啶盐(Ie - Ih),以及1-甲基-(IIa)和1-
十二烷基-3-羟基亚
甲基吡啶盐(IIb,IIc),被合成为有机
磷酸酯
水解裂解的催化剂。通过测量在伪一级反应条件下对4-
硝基苯二
苯酚磷酸二
丙酯(
PNP
DPP)
水解的速率常数来评估所制备催化剂的活性。在中性或稍微碱性
水溶液(pH 7.2和7.8)中,
吡啶醛
肟Ia - Ih对
PNP
DPP的观察到的反应性取决于羟亚甲基基团的酸度。在其临界胶束浓度(
CMC)以上的1-
十二烷基羟基亚
甲基吡啶盐Ie - Ih的溶液中,
PNP
DPP的裂解受到强烈加速。当四级
吡啶醛
肟Ie - Ih与惰性
阳离子表面活性剂溴化
十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)共混时,对
PNP
DPP裂解速度产生显著影响。1-
十二烷基-3-羟基亚
甲基吡啶盐IIb和IIc在上述条件下的
水溶液中是不稳定的。