Oxidative cleavage of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins to methyl esters through ozonolysis in methanolic sodium hydroxide
摘要:
The ozonolysis of alkenes in methanolic NaOH or NaOMe with CH2Cl2 as cosolvent leads directly to methyl esters. The procedure has been used to prepare various alpha-, beta, and omega-alkoxy esters, acyloxy esters, and alpha- and beta-N-acyl and N-sulfonyl esters from the appropriate unsaturated ethers, esters, and amides. Other examples include the formation of dimethyl octanedioate from cyclooctene (75% yield), dimethyl nonanedioate and methyl nonanoate from methyl oleate (77 and 78%, respectively), and tetradecanoic acid gamma-lactone from 2-methyl-2-hexadecen-6-ol (80% yield).
Highly Diastereoselective Intramolecular Allylation Reactions of Mixed Silyl-Substituted Acetals
摘要:
The reaction of preformed mixed acetals derived from (alpha-hydroxyalkyl)dimethylallylsilane with a number of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of Lewis acids results in a highly diastereoselective intramolecular allylation reaction. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic synclinal S-E' addition of the allylsilane to an intermediate oxocarbenium ion. The reaction occurs exclusively by an intramolecular process as determined by means of a cross-over experiment. The relative stereochemistry was determined by the conversion of one of the allylation products to a known (stereodefined) aldol-type product. A greater degree of diastereoselectivity is obtained by in-situ formation of an oxocarbenium ion from (alpha-hydroxyhexyl)dimethylallylsilane and an aldehyde in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate. The diastereoselectivity of the in-situ allylation reaction typically exceeds 100:1 in favor of the syn adduct. However, reactions with electron rich aryl aldehydes resulted in a diminished degree of diastereoselectivity. The initial product of the in-situ reaction is an unstable silyl fluoride which is readily hydrolyzed to a silanol derivative upon reaction with methanolic potassium hydroxide. The overall yield of the two-step process is greater than 80%. A method for the synthesis of more highly substituted (alpha-alkoxyalkyl)dimethylallylsilanes by allyl anion displacement of methoxide from silicon is also described. The methyl siloxane derivatives were obtained by ozonolytic cleavage of an unsubstituted allyl group in methanol.
Silicomolybdic acid that is supported on silicagel (50 wt %) efficiently catalyzes the high-yielding Hosomi–Sakurai allylation of carbonyl compounds by allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of benzyl alcohol. The reaction rates of inactive substrates and the yields were greatly increased when preformed acetals were used as substrates.
Iron(III) chloride-catalyzed effective allylation reactions of acetals with allyltrimethylsilane proceeded smoothly in high to excellent yields. In addition, this method could be applied to the one-pot synthesis of homoallyl benzyl ethers by a combination of dibenzyl acetalization of aldehydes and consecutive allylation of dibenzyl acetals.
The silyl modified sakurai (SMS) reaction. An efficient and versatile one-pot synthesis of homoallylic ethers
作者:Abdelaziz Mekhalfia、István E Markó
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)92306-2
日期:1991.1
An efficient and versatile preparation of homoallylic ethers from trimethylsilylethers, allyltrimethylsilane and carbonyl compounds is described. Some preliminary experiments, aimed at controlling the diastereofacial selection in the SMS reaction, are also reported.
作者:Daniela Kampen、Arnaud Ladépêche、Gerrit Claßen、Benjamin List
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200800036
日期:2008.5.5
Aldehydes react with silyl ethers or the corresponding alcohols and allylsilanes in the presence of catalytic amounts of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBA) to provide a wide range of homoallylic ethers in moderate to high yields.
Novel Reactions of Ethylene Acetals with Silyl-Substituted Nucleophiles. A Mild and Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of Homoallyl Alkyl Ethers and Unsymmetrical Dialkyl Ethers
作者:Takeshi Suzuki、Takeshi Oriyama
DOI:10.1080/00397919908086101
日期:1999.4
Abstract Efficient one-pot synthesis of homoallyl alkyl ethers and dialkyl ethers was performed by the allylation and reduction of ethyleneacetals with allyltrimethylsilane and f-butyldimethylsilane, respectively, in the presence of alkoxytrimethylsilane.