The formation of carboxylic esters via reaction of carboxylic acids with O-alkylisoureas proceeds in excellent yields with very short reaction times when conducted in a monomode microwave synthesizer. Efficient processes were developed using preformed or commercially available isoureas derived from primary and secondary alcohols, with a reaction time of only 5 min or less. It was demonstrated that under these microwave conditions, ester formation proceeded in good yields with clean inversion of configuration where appropriate. The process was validated using menthol, a hindered substrate for S(N)2 reactions. In addition, starting from primary alcohols, ester formation was successfully accomplished using ail in situ isourea formation procedure. A polymer-assisted solution-phase procedure was also developed by employing preformed solid-supported isoureas and by an efficient "catch and release" ester formation procedure whereby primary alcohols were caught on resin as isoureas by reaction with immobilized carbodiimide and released as esters by subsequent treatment with a carboxylic acids.
Development of a triazinedione-based dehydrative condensing reagent containing 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as an acyl transfer catalyst
the operationally simple dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids. This reagent comprises an ATD core and DMAP as the leaving group, which is liberated into the reaction system to accelerate acyltransfer reactions. Upon adding ATD-DMAP to a mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of an amine base, the corresponding esters were formed rapidly at room temperature. Moreover, dehydrative
开发了一种新的基于三嗪二酮的试剂 ( N , N'-二烷基)三嗪二酮-4-(二甲氨基)吡啶 (ATD-DMAP),用于操作简单的羧酸脱水缩合。该试剂包含一个ATD核和作为离去基团的DMAP,它被释放到反应体系中以加速酰基转移反应。在胺碱存在下将 ATD-DMAP 添加到羧酸和醇的混合物中,在室温下迅速形成相应的酯。此外,使用 ATD-DMAP 使羧酸和胺之间的脱水缩合以高产率进行。