Remarkable catalytic activity of Me3Ga in the alkylation of hetero-substituted epoxides with alkynyllithiums
摘要:
Regio- and stereoselective ring-opening reaction of hetero-substituted epoxides with alkynyllithiums can be catalyzed by Me3Ga with remarkable efficiency at 0 similar to 20 degrees C via pentacoordinate chelate-type complex. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pentacoordinate Organoaluminum Chemistry: Catalytic Efficiency of Me3Al in the Epoxide Cleavage with Alkynyllithiums
摘要:
A new and highly effective catalytic method for epoxide alkynylations has been developed that involves the chelation-controlled alkylation of heterosubstituted epoxides with Me3Al via pentacoordinate organoalluminum complexes by taking advantage of the exceedingly high affinity of aluminum to oxygen. For example, reaction of epoxy ether, (l-benzyloxy)-3-butene oxide (1), in toluene with PhC=CLi under the influence of catalytic Me3Al (10 mol%) proceeded smoothly at O degrees C for 5 h to furnish the alkynylation product, l-(benzyloxy)-6-phenylhex-5-yn-3-ol, in 76% yield [cf. 3% without Me3Al catalyst; 78% with stoichiometric Me3Al under similar conditions]. This represents the first catalytic procedure for the amphiphilic alkylation of epoxides. The participation of pentacoordinate Me3Al complexes of epoxy ethers of type 1 is emphasized by comparing the reactivity with the corresponding simple epoxide, 5-phenyl-l-pentene oxide, which was not susceptible to nucleophile attack of PhC=CLi with catalytic Me3A1 under similar conditions. The pentacoordinate complex formation of Me3Al with epoxy ether 1 is characterized by low-temperature C-13 and Al-27 NMR spectroscopy. This approach is also applicable to the selective alkynylation of tosyl aziridines with adjacent ether functionality, which provides a promising method for amino alcohol synthesis.
of allyl t-butyl peroxide in cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran shows that an important induced decomposition of the peroxide occurs by the addition of radicals derived from the solvent, to the peroxide double bond, followed by an intramolecular homolytic displacement of the t-butoxyl group. Such a reaction is a 2,3-epoxypropanation of the solvent in which the initiator is decomposed. The reaction is