Reinvestigation of the Nitration of Ethylmesitylene and<i>n</i>-Propylmesitylene. Revision of Early Works.
作者:Hitomi Suzuki、Mikio Sawaki、Reiji Sakimoto
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.45.1515
日期:1972.5
Ethylmesitylene reacts with fuming nitric acid in dichloromethane at −50°C to give mononitroethyl-mesitylene, 3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzyl nitrate, 2-nitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzyl nitrate and a dinitroethyltri-methylcyclohexenone, while on nitration with mixed acid it yields mono and dinitro derivatives as the major products, together with minor quantities of 2-nitro- and 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzyl nitrates, diphenyl-methanes, and unidentified nitro-carbonyl compounds, possibly nitrobenzaldehydes. Similar results are obtained from the nitration of n-propylmesitylene. If the hydrocarbons are nitrated by adding into a large excess of the nitrating agent, the major product is 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-alkylbenzyl nitrate soon after the reaction, or 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-alkylbenzaldehyde when the mixture is left to stand at room temperature. The nitro compound melting at 123°C, obtained by Smith and Kiess from the nitration of ethylmesitylene and described as trinitro-4-ethyl-o-xylene, is identified as 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzyl nitrate. An uncharac-terized nitration product (mp 135°C) from n-propylmesitylene, obtained by Töhl and Tripke, is found most likely to be 2,6-dinitro-3,5-dimethyl-4-n-propylbenzyl nitrate (mp 139–140°C).
乙基间三甲基苯与二氯甲烷中的发烟硝酸在-50°C下反应,生成单硝基乙基间三甲基苯、3,5-二甲基-4-乙基硝基苯、2-硝基-3,5-二甲基-4-乙基硝基苯和二硝基乙基三甲基环己烯酮,而与混合酸硝化时,主要产物是单硝基和二硝基衍生物,以及少量2-硝基和2,6-二硝基-3,5-二甲基-4-乙基硝基苯、二苯基甲烷和未鉴定的硝基羰基化合物,可能是硝基苯甲醛。正丙基间三甲基苯硝化后得到类似结果。如果通过加入大量过量的硝化剂对碳氢化合物进行硝化,反应后不久主要产物是2,6-二硝基-3,5-二甲基-4-烷基硝基苯,或者当混合物在室温下放置时,主要产物是2,6-二硝基-3,5-二甲基-4-烷基苯甲醛。史密斯和基斯通过乙基间三甲基苯硝化得到的硝基化合物在123°C熔化,被描述为三硝基-4-乙基邻二甲苯,被确定为2,6-二硝