Provision of a superior URAT1 activity inhibitor effective for the treatment and the like of a pathology involving uric acid, such as hyperuricemia, gouty tophus, acute gouty arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, gouty kidney, urinary lithiasis, renal dysfunction, coronary heart disease, ischemic cardiac diseases and the like.
A URAT1 activity inhibitor containing a compound represented by the following formula [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient:
wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.
A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises naphtha in an amount of at least 5 % by volume, and an octane-boosting additive having the formula:
The well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions associated with the fuel composition are significantly lower than those associated with a conventional gasoline fuel of comparable performance.
A method for reducing the propensity of a fuel to form an emulsion comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. Thus, the additive may be used as a demulsifier in a fuel.
A method for improving the ferrous corrosion-preventing characteristics of a fuel comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6-or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6-or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6-or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. The additive may also be used for preventing ferrous corrosion in a system which comprises a fuel, such as a fuel system in a vehicle.
A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises a non-metallic octane-boosting additive. The non-metallic octane-boosting additive is an additive which, when used at a treat rate of 0.67 % by weight, increases the research octane number of a fuel by at least 1.8 whilst maintaining the T90 and/or the vapour pressure.