Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Biological Profiles of a Quinazolinone Class of Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists
摘要:
A new series of quinazolinone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as nonimidazole H(3) receptor inverse agonists. 2-Methyl-3-(4-{[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propy]oxy}phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone (1) was identified as a promising derivative for further evaluation following optimization of key parameters. Compound 1 has potent H3 inverse agonist activity and excellent selectivity over other histamine receptor subtypes and a panel of 115 unrelated diverse binding sites. Compound 1 also shows satisfactory pharmacokinetic profiles and brain penetrability in laboratory animals. Two hours after oral administration of 30 mg/kg of 1 to SD rats, significant elevation of brain histamine levels was observed where the brain H3 receptor was highly occupied (>90%). On the basis of species differences in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) susceptibility of I between human and rodent P-gps, the observed rodent brain permeability of I is significantly limited by P-gp mediated efflux in rodents, whereas the extent of P-gp mediated efflux in humans should be very small or negligible. The potential of 1 to be an efficacious drug was demonstrated by its excellent brain penetrability and receptor occupancy in P-gp-deficient CF-1 mice.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Constrained Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Inverse Agonists
A series of structurally constrained derivatives of the potent H 3 inverse agonist 1 was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as histamine H 3 receptor inverse agonists. As a result, the N-cyclobutylpiperidin-4-yloxy group as in 2f was identified as an optimal surrogate structure for the flexible 1-pyrrolidinopropoxy group of 1. Subsequent optimization of the quinazolinone core of 2f revealed that
There are provided compounds having an anticoagulant action on the basis of inhibition of activated blood coagulation factor X and being useful as anticoagulants or preventive/therapeutic agents for diseases induced by thrombosis or embolism. Effective ingredients are the compounds such as 4′-bromo-2′-[(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)carbamoyl]-6′-β-D-galactopyranosyloxy-1-isopropylpiperidine-4-carboxanilide, 2′-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4′-bromo-6′-[(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)carbamoyl]-1-isopropylpiperidine-4-carboxanilide, etc. or salts thereof.