Preparation of Benzolactams by Pd(OAc)2-Catalyzed Direct Aromatic Carbonylation
摘要:
We developed a new method for Pd(II)-catalyzed direct aromatic carbonylation in a phosphine-free catalytic system using Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in an atmosphere of CO gas containing air. The carbonylation proceeded with ortho-palladation, inducing a remarkable site selectivity to afford a variety of five- or six-membered benzolactams from secondary omega-arylalkylamines, such as N-alkylbenzylamines or N-alkylphenethylamines.
wird die Syntheseund die Prüfung auf antimykobakterielle Eigenschaften (M. tuberculosis H 37 Ra, Middlebrook‐7H9‐Nährlösung) von 1‐Phenyl‐1‐alkylaminoalkanen, die sich von antimykobakteriellen N‐Alkylbenzylaminen durch eine zusätzliche Alkylgruppe in α‐Stellung unterscheiden. Durch Variation beider Alkylketten und Ringsubstitution mit 1 oder 2 Cl‐Atomen steigt die Wirksamkeit bis zu einem Optimum innerhalb
作者:Marine Pinaud、Emilie Plantiveau、Eric Huet、Erwan Le Gall、Marc Presset
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202300572
日期:2023.8.21
The addition of alkylzinc halides to imines has been studied under different conditions. Whereas Mannich-type reactions with sulfonyl imines occurs upon simple heating, the use N-alkyl imines required an additional activation: the use of acetyl chloride led to the preparation of N-acyl tertiary amines whereas trimethylsilyl chloride afforded a direct access to unprotected secondary amines.
Benzylamines: synthesis and evaluation of antimycobacterial properties
作者:Wolfgang R. Meindl、Erwin Von Angerer、Helmut Schoenenberger、Gotthard Ruckdeschel
DOI:10.1021/jm00375a005
日期:1984.9
The synthesis of benzylamines with various N-alkyl chains and substituents in the aromatic system as well as their evaluation on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Ra are described. The most active compounds in this test, N-methyl-3-chlorobenzylamine (19, MIC 10.2 micrograms/mL), N-methyl-3,5-dichlorobenzylamine (93, MIC 10.2 micrograms/mL), and N-butyl-3,5-difluorobenzylamine (103, MIC 6.4 micrograms/mL), also exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium lufu used for the determination of antileprotic properties. The combinations of 93 with aminosalicylic acid, streptomycin, or dapsone exert marked supra-additive effects on M. tuberculosis H 37 Ra.
Separation of Ring Polar and Resonance Effects on the Rate Constants for Uncatalyzed N-Arylidenepropylamine Formation in Methanol
作者:Jean Toullec、Didier Milin
DOI:10.1021/jo00089a033
日期:1994.5
Rate constants are reported for the reaction of a series of 19 ring-substituted benzaldehydes with propylamine in methanol and in O-d-methanol at different temperatures and of three of them with 2-methoxyethylamine and 2,2-dimethoxyethylamine. The large direct solvent kinetic isotope effects (KSIE) (2.1-2.9), as well as the Delta H* (4.7-7.6 kcal mol(-1)) values vary smoothly with substituent. Delta S* (ca. -45 cal mol(-1) K-1) is almost independent of substituent. These data indicate that there in no change in the rate-limiting step, and since the large KSIE and \Delta S*\ can be related to significant solvation of the leading OH- group at the transition state, they agree with a mechanism involving cu-amino alcohol formation in a fast preequilibrium followed by rate-limiting OH- detachment yielding iminium ions. When corrected for parallel hemiacetal formation, the second-order rate constants are accounted for by the Young-Jencks equation with p(n) = 0.08 and p(r) = 0.57, this equation allowing a separation of the direct resonance effects from the polar effects of the substituted ring. The very low p(n) value indicates that the polar effects for the rate-limiting OH- detachment are almost compensated by those on the constant of the alpha-amino alcohol-formation preequilibrium. In contrast, the relatively large p(r) coefficient, which means that the overall rate constants depend almost exclusively on resonance, is due to predominance of the direct resonance effects on the preequilibrium. The KSIE and Delta S* data, as well as the beta(nucl) parameters (close to unity) observed when the reacting amine was changed (slopes of the straight lines obtained by plotting the logarithm of the rate constants vs the pK(a) of the ammonium ions) favor a late transition state. In contrast, the low p(r) value for the rate-limiting step (ca. -0.5) shows that the transition state is not iminium ion-like.
Synthesis and SAR of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones as novel G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) antagonists
作者:Paul S. Humphries、John W. Benbow、Paul D. Bonin、David Boyer、Shawn D. Doran、Richard K. Frisbie、David W. Piotrowski、Gayatri Balan、Bruce M. Bechle、Edward L. Conn、Kenneth J. Dirico、Robert M. Oliver、Walter C. Soeller、James A. Southers、Xiaojing Yang
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.082
日期:2009.5
The development of a series of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones as antagonists of G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for GPR40, in vitro microsomal clearance and rat in vivo clearance data are discussed. Initial hits displayed high rat in vivo clearances that were higher than liver blood flow. Optimization of rat in vivo clearance was achieved and led to the identification of 15i, whose rat oral pharmacokinetic data is reported. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.