ethyl trans-1-(tert-butyl)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one-3-carboxylate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 内酰胺类
• 英文名称: ethyl trans-1-(tert-butyl)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one-3-carboxylate
• 英文别名: ethyl (3R,4S)-1-tert-butyl-2-oxo-4-phenylazetidine-3-carboxylate
• 化学式: C₁₆H₂₁NO₃
• 分子量: 275.348
• InChiKey: OYEPJENIUAYYJC-CHWSQXEVSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.4
• 重原子数：
  20
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  46.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  ethyl 3-(benzyl(tert-butyl)amino)-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoate 在 C₄₉H₃₈N₄Ru 作用下， 以 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 以99%的产率得到ethyl trans-1-(tert-butyl)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one-3-carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  铑(III)卟啉配合物催化立体选择性分子内卡宾C-H插入

  摘要：

  铑 (III) 卟啉复合物 [Rh(Por)Me] 对 α-重氮乙酰胺的立体选择性分子内卡宾 C–H 插入具有催化活性，以产生高达 99% 的产率和区域选择性至 100% 且 β-内酰胺的顺/反比高达 83:17。

  DOI：

  10.1055/s-0032-1317322

文献信息

• Stereoselective control in the Staudinger reactions involving monosubstituted ketenes with electron acceptor substituents: experimental investigation and theoretical rationalization
  作者：Hengzhen Qi、Xinyao Li、Jiaxi Xu

  DOI：10.1039/c0ob00783h

  日期：——

  The stereoselectivity of the Staudinger reactions involving monosubstituted ketenes with electron acceptor substituents was investigated experimentally by determination of the product stereochemistry and theoretically via DFT calculations. The results indicate that imines preferentially attack the less sterically hindered exo-side of the ketenes to generate zwitterionic intermediates. Subsequently, for cyclic imines, the intermediates undergo a conrotatory ring closure directly to produce β-lactams, while for linear imines, the imine moiety of the intermediates isomerizes to more stable intermediates, which further undergo a conrotatory ring closure to afford trans-β-lactams. The steric hindrance and the isomerization, rather than the torquoelectronic effect, play crucial roles in controlling the stereoselectivity in the practical Staudinger reactions involving monosubstituted ketenes with electron acceptor substituents, although the unaccessible borylketene with a powerful electron acceptor group controls the stereoselectivity torquoelectronically, in theory.

  通过确定产物立体化学和基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的计算，实验上研究了涉及带有电子受体取代基的单取代乙烯酮的斯陶丁格反应的立体选择性。结果表明，亚胺优先攻击乙烯酮上立体障碍较小的外侧，生成内鎓离子中间体。随后，对于环状亚胺，中间体直接进行协同环合反应生成β-内酰胺；而对于线性亚胺，中间体的亚胺部分异构化为更稳定的中间体，后者进一步进行协同环合反应，产生反式β-内酰胺。在实际涉及带有电子受体取代基的单取代乙烯酮的斯陶丁格反应中，立体障碍和异构化而不是扭曲电子效应在控制立体选择性中起着关键作用，尽管在理论上，具有强电子受体基团的不可获得的硼乙烯酮通过扭曲电子效应控制立体选择性。
• Carbene Radicals in Cobalt(II)-Porphyrin-Catalysed Carbene Carbonylation Reactions; A Catalytic Approach to Ketenes
  作者：Nanda D. Paul、Andrei Chirila、Hongjian Lu、X. Peter Zhang、Bas de Bruin

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201301731

  日期：2013.9.23

  One‐pot radicals: Cobalt(III)–carbene radicals, generated by metallo‐radical activation of diazo compounds and N‐tosylhydrazone sodium salts with cobalt(II) complexes of porphyrins, readily undergo radical addition to carbon monoxide, allowing the catalytic production of ketenes. These ketenes subsequently react with various amines, alcohols and imines in one‐pot tandem transformations to produce differently

  一锅自由基：钴（III）-卡宾自由基，由重氮化合物和N-甲苯磺酰腙钠盐与卟啉的钴（II）络合物的金属自由基活化产生，容易与一氧化碳发生自由基加成，从而催化生产酮。这些乙烯酮随后与各种胺、醇和亚胺在一锅串联转化中反应，以良好的分离产率生产不同取代的酰胺、酯和 β-内酰胺。
• Modular Ligands for Dirhodium Complexes Facilitate Catalyst Customization
  作者：Daniel G. Bachmann、Pascal J. Schmidt、Stefanie N. Geigle、Antoinette Chougnet、Wolf-Dietrich Woggon、Dennis G. Gillingham

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.201500050

  日期：2015.6.15

  stereoselectivity is often the focus of ligand optimizations in catalysis, ligand modularity can be used to control many other properties of catalysts. For example, solubility, amenability to purification, and steric shielding of sensitive catalytic intermediates are all important, but seldom appreciated, functions of ligands. We describe a brief and modular approach to various homo‐ and heteroleptic

  尽管立体选择性通常是催化中配体优化的重点，但配体模块性可用于控制催化剂的许多其他性能。例如，敏感性，催化中间体的溶解性，纯化的可接受性和空间屏蔽都是重要的，但很少有人认识到配体的功能。我们描述了一种用于各种均相和杂配的灯笼型铑（II）配合物的简短模块化方法，并在普通铑（II）催化的反应中使用新催化剂进行了基准研究。我们通过创建针对水性催化或化学生物学应用定制的催化剂，展示了配体模块性的力量。
• Improved Buchner reaction selectivity in the copper-catalyzed reactions of ethyl 3-arylmethylamino-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoates
  作者：Jing Liu、Jianzhuo Tu、Zhanhui Yang、Chol-Ung Pak、Jiaxi Xu

  DOI：10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.029

  日期：2017.8

  Buchner reaction and aliphatic 1,4-C-H insertion under the catalysis of copper salts. The less steric N-alkyl substituents in the amide moiety generally favor the aliphatic 1,4-C-H insertion, while the more steric N-alkyl substituents generally favor the Buchner reaction. Compared with rhodium and ruthenium-catalyzed conditions, the current copper-catalyzed conditions improved the Buchner reaction selectivity

  3-烷基（芳基甲基）氨基-2-重氮-3-氧代丙酸乙酯（重氮酰胺基乙酸酯）通常同时生成环庚[ c ]吡咯烷酮（Buchner产物）和β-内酰胺（1,4-插入产物），并显示出明显的N-铜盐催化下分子内布氏反应与脂肪族1,4-CH插入之间的取代基控制的化学选择性。酰胺部分中较少的空间N-烷基取代基通常有利于脂肪族1,4-CH插入，而较高的空间N-烷基取代基通常有利于布氏反应。与铑和钌催化的条件相比，当前的铜催化条件提高了3-烷基（芳基甲基）氨基-2-重氮-3-氧代丙酸乙酯的布氏反应选择性。
• Ortho-Nitro Effect on the Diastereoselective Control in Sulfa-Staudinger and Staudinger Cycloadditions
  作者：Zhanhui Yang、Hassane Abdellaoui、Wei He、Jiaxi Xu

  DOI：10.3390/molecules22050784

  日期：——

  The ortho-nitro effect was discovered in sulfa-Staudinger cycloadditions of ethoxycarbonylsulfene with linear imines. When an ortho-nitro group is present at the C-aryl substituents of linear imines, the sulfa-Staudinger cycloadditions deliver cis-β-sultams in considerable amounts, together with the predominant trans-β-sultams. In other cases, the above sulfa-Staudinger cycloadditions give rise to trans-β-sultams

  在乙氧基羰基亚砜与线性亚胺的磺胺-施陶丁格环加成反应中发现了邻硝基作用。当直链亚胺的C-芳基取代基上存在邻硝基时，磺胺-施陶丁格环加成物将以大量的顺式-β-杜鹃花与主要的反式-β-杜鹃花一起递送。在其他情况下，上述磺胺-施陶丁格环加成仅产生反式-β-杜鹃花。进一步的机械合理化揭示了邻硝基效应归因于其强大的吸电子诱导效应。同样，邻硝基效应也存在于乙氧基羰基乙烯酮与亚胺的斯托丁格环加成中。目前的研究为磺胺-施陶丁格和施陶丁格环加成中的非对映选择性控制提供了进一步的见解。