由于该官能团可能发生广泛的化学转化,因此炔烃是有吸引力的起始材料。现在报道了由烯还原酶催化的贫电子炔烃的选择性生物还原以产生( Z )-或( E )-烯烃。制备型生物转化以完全选择性进行,得到 ( Z )-氰基烯烃(分离收率 63-97%),因此类似于过渡金属(例如 Lindlar)催化剂所显示的活性。
Compounds, compositions and methods that are useful in the treatment of inflammatory, immunoregulatory, metabolic, infectious and cell proliferative diseases or conditions are provided herein. In particular, the invention provides compounds which modulate the expression and/or function of proteins involved in inflammation, metabolism, infection and cell proliferation. The subject compounds contain a fused heterobicyclic ring.
A photochemicallyinduced selective and divergent cyanation reaction of alkynes, enabled by phosphorus radicals, is described. With the use of simple triarylphosphine as a co-catalyst, three cyanation reactions, including di-hydrocyanation, anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation, and domino hydrocyanation/reduction, can be divergently achieved, furnishing a wide array of alkyl dinitriles, alkenyl nitriles
nitriles from ubiquitous carboxylicacids with N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide. This protocol complements the established carboxylic acids-to-nitriles conversion methods, which suffer from laborious steps, high temperatures (≥200 °C), or limited substrate scopes. This approach operates broadly across diverse aryl, alkenyl, and primary-, secondary-, or tertiary-alkyl carboxylicacids.
开发了一种简洁实用的银催化氮原子转移方案,以使用N -氰基 - N -苯基 - 对甲苯磺酰胺从无处不在的羧酸中获得多功能腈。该协议补充了已建立的羧酸到腈类转化方法,这些方法存在费力的步骤、高温(≥200 °C)或底物范围有限的问题。这种方法广泛适用于各种芳基、烯基和伯、仲或叔烷基羧酸。
Replacement Substituent Constants for Simple Heterocycles
作者:Charles N. Robinson、Leonard J. Wiseman、Carl D. Slater
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81306-5
日期:1989.1
GRONOWITZ S.; ANDER I., CHEM. SCR., 1980, 15, NO 3, 145-151