A Highly Efficient Solvent-Free Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction Organocatalyzed by Recoverable (<i>S</i>)-Binam-<scp>l</scp>-Prolinamides. ESI-MS Evidence of the Enamine−Iminium Formation
作者:Gabriela Guillena、Maria del Carmen Hita、Carmen Nájera、Santiago F. Viózquez
DOI:10.1021/jo800773q
日期:2008.8.1
equiv but also the reaction time to give the aldol products with regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities comparable to those in organic or aqueous solvents. Generally anti-isomers are mainly obtained with enantioselectivities up to 97%. The reaction can be carried out under these conditions also using aldehydes as nucleophiles, yielding after in situ reduction of the aldol products the corresponding
在无溶剂反应条件下,环烷基,烷基和α-官能化的酮与醛之间的直接羟醛反应中,可回收的(S a)-二氨基-1-脯氨酰胺与苯甲酸结合用作催化剂。分析了三种不同的方法:简单的常规磁力搅拌,先前溶解于THF和蒸发后的磁力搅拌以及球磨技术。这些方法不仅可以将所需的酮量减少到2当量,而且还可以使反应时间降低,从而使醛醇产物具有与有机或水性溶剂相当的区域,非对映和对映选择性。一般反-异构体主要以高达97%的对映选择性获得。该反应也可以在这些条件下也使用醛作为亲核试剂进行,在羟醛产物原位还原后得到相应的具有中等至高对映选择性的手性1,3-二醇,主要作为抗异构体。醛醇缩合反应已通过使用正ESI-MS技术进行了研究,为形成相应的烯胺-亚胺中间体提供了证据。