研究了使用周期系统的第4组(Zr和Hf)和第5组(V,Nb,Ta)元素对1,4-二氢吡啶(1,4-DHPs)进行的芳构化。在室温下与VOCl 3在二氯甲烷中的反应以高至优异的产率提供了产物,取代的吡啶。首次在电子转移之前的1,4-DHP和氧化剂之间的预组织步骤中证明了电荷转移络合物(CTC)的形成。仅在中性溶剂(如二氯甲烷)中形成四氯化碳,其特征是强烈的着色。V 2 O 5将1,4-DHP芳构化在无溶剂介质中,乙酸在回流中的作用优于微波促进的反应。唯一合理的解释是在V 2 O 5的聚合物结构中发现的,该结构缓慢转移了活化反应物所需的微波能量。已发现4-正丙基-1,4-DHP的溶剂极性依赖性氧化脱烷基。出乎意料的是,与在相同反应条件下在二氯甲烷中获得的91%相比,在乙酸中的反应仅提供33%的脱烷基化产物。
An efficient, metal-free, room temperature aromatization of Hantzsch-1,4-dihydropyridines with urea–hydrogen peroxide adduct, catalyzed by molecular iodine
A mild, highly efficient and metal-free synthetic method for aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines employing urea–hydrogen peroxide adduct as oxidant catalyzed by 20 mol % of molecular iodine was developed. The reaction was carried out in ethyl acetate at roomtemperature and the products were isolated in high to excellent yields. A plausible free-radical mechanism is proposed based on results obtained
Rapid, efficient, room temperature aromatization of Hantzsch-1,4-dihydropyridines with vanadium(V) salts: superiority of classical technique versus microwave promoted reaction
The aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) employing group 4 (Zr and Hf) and 5 (V, Nb, Ta) elements of periodic system has been studied. The reaction with VOCl3 in dichloromethane at room temperature afforded products, substituted pyridines, in high-to-excellent yield. For the first time, the formation of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) has been evidenced in preorganization step between
研究了使用周期系统的第4组(Zr和Hf)和第5组(V,Nb,Ta)元素对1,4-二氢吡啶(1,4-DHPs)进行的芳构化。在室温下与VOCl 3在二氯甲烷中的反应以高至优异的产率提供了产物,取代的吡啶。首次在电子转移之前的1,4-DHP和氧化剂之间的预组织步骤中证明了电荷转移络合物(CTC)的形成。仅在中性溶剂(如二氯甲烷)中形成四氯化碳,其特征是强烈的着色。V 2 O 5将1,4-DHP芳构化在无溶剂介质中,乙酸在回流中的作用优于微波促进的反应。唯一合理的解释是在V 2 O 5的聚合物结构中发现的,该结构缓慢转移了活化反应物所需的微波能量。已发现4-正丙基-1,4-DHP的溶剂极性依赖性氧化脱烷基。出乎意料的是,与在相同反应条件下在二氯甲烷中获得的91%相比,在乙酸中的反应仅提供33%的脱烷基化产物。
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by C(sp
<sup>3</sup>
)−H Bromination
used as substrates to obtain chiral Hantzsch-type 1,4-DHPs, which are frequently contained in pharmaceuticals. The inert C−H bond was converted into a versatile C−Br bond, which enabled the modification of the chiral 1,4-DHP derivatives with high efficiency by nucleophilic substitution. Furthermore, axially chiral 4-aryl pyridines were accessible by central-to-axial chirality conversion.
Rapid aromatization of Hantzsch-1,4-DHPswith t-butylhydroperoxide catalysed by iron(III) phthalocyanine chloride is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature within 1-35 min and the products of high purity were isolated in excellent yields. To explain the reactivity of this catalytical system plausible mechanism have been proposed to involve formation of high-valent oxoferryl species as in cytochrome P450 itself. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An Efficient Transition-Metal-Chloride/Sodium-Nitrite/TEMPO Catalytic System for Aerobic Oxidative Aromatisation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines
作者:Bin-Hui Lou、Shu-Bin Chen、Jian Wang、Ying Chen、Jing-Hua Li
DOI:10.3184/174751913x13701832537930
日期:2013.7
A facile and efficient transition-metal-chloride/sodium-nitrite/TEMPO catalytic system for aerobic oxidative aromati-sation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in high yields under mild conditions is described.